Deep Serotonergic and Dopaminergic Structures in Fetal Alcoholic Syndrome: A Study with nor-β-CIT-Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging Volumetry

In prenatally alcohol exposed children, the relationship between brain structure and function is highlighted to be important to study. We studied 12 children with fetal alcoholic syndrome (FAS) and fetal alcoholic effects (FAE) by magnetic resonance imaging volumetry and by single-photon emission co...

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Published in:	Biological psychiatry (1969) Vol. 57; no. 12; pp. 1565 - 1572
Main Authors:	Riikonen, Raili S., Nokelainen, Pekka, Valkonen, Kirsi, Kolehmainen, Anni I., Kumpulainen, Kirsti I., Könönen, Mervi, Vanninen, Ritva-Liisa S., Kuikka, Jyrki T.
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	New York, NY Elsevier Inc 15-06-2005 Elsevier Science
Subjects:	Addictive behaviors Adolescent Adult and adolescent clinical studies Alcoholism Biological and medical sciences Brain - diagnostic imaging Brain - pathology Brain - physiopathology Brain Mapping Child Child, Preschool Cocaine - analogs & derivatives Cocaine - pharmacokinetics Development. Senescence. Regeneration. Transplantation Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins Female Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders - diagnostic imaging Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders - metabolism Fetal alcohol syndrome Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Humans Iodine Isotopes - pharmacokinetics Linear Models Magnetic Resonance Imaging Male Medical sciences Membrane Glycoproteins - metabolism Membrane Transport Proteins - metabolism monoamine transporters MRI Nerve Tissue Proteins - metabolism Neuropsychological Tests - statistics & numerical data Pregnancy Psychiatric Status Rating Scales Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry Psychopathology. Psychiatry Reference Values Serotonin Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins SPECT Time Factors Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon Vertebrates: nervous system and sense organs volumetry Fetal alcohol syndrome monoamine transporters volumetry MRI SPECT Radionuclide study Human Embryonic development Volumetric analysis Dopamine Alcoholism Catecholamine Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging Photon Newborn diseases monc amine transporters Neurotransmitter Medical imagery Fetus Developmental stage Child Carrier protein Emission tomography
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Summary:	In prenatally alcohol exposed children, the relationship between brain structure and function is highlighted to be important to study. We studied 12 children with fetal alcoholic syndrome (FAS) and fetal alcoholic effects (FAE) by magnetic resonance imaging volumetry and by single-photon emission computed tomography with iodine-123 labeled 2β-carbomethoxy-3β-(4-iodophenyl) ([ 123I]nor-β-CIT) and related these findings to those from neuropsychological and psychiatric tests. The absolute volumes of studied nuclei, including the brain volume, were significantly smaller in FAS/FAE children than in control patients. After normalization of volumes, significant differences were not found. Left hippocampus was smaller than the right ( p < .003) but did not significantly differ from the control subjects. The children with FAS/FAE showed reduced serotonin ( p = .02) in the medial frontal cortex and slightly increased striatal dopamine transporter binding. All FAS/FAE children had attention-deficit/hyperkinetic disorder (ADHD). None had depression. The internalization scores correlated with dopamine transporter binding ( r = −.65; p = .03). The results indicate that the serotonin (5-HT) system may be vulnerable to the effects of ethanol in utero. The high dopamine transporter levels may correlate with the ADHD findings. Reduced serotonin and increased binding of dopamine transporter are also seen in type 2 alcoholism. Some behavioral problems of FAS/FAE might be preventable by early intervention and treatment.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23
ISSN:	0006-3223 1873-2402
DOI:	10.1016/j.biopsych.2005.01.029