Toxicity of Microplastics and Nanoplastics in Mammalian Systems

Fragmented or otherwise miniaturized plastic materials in the form of micro- or nanoplastics have been of nagging environmental concern. Perturbation of organismal physiology and behavior by micro- and nanoplastics have been widely documented for marine invertebrates. Some of these effects are also...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	International journal of environmental research and public health Vol. 17; no. 5; p. 1509
Main Authors:	Yong, Cheryl Qian Ying, Valiyaveetill, Suresh, Tang, Bor Luen
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Switzerland MDPI AG 26-02-2020 MDPI
Subjects:	Animal models Biomarkers Cell lines Chelonia mydas Drinking water Environmental perception Enzymes Experiments Human tissues Inflammation Ingestion Inhalation Intestinal microflora Laboratories Lipids Liver Mammals Marine invertebrates Metabolism Metabolites Microbiota Microplastics Oxidative stress Packaging PCB Plastic pollution Pollutants Polychlorinated biphenyls Respiration Review Toxicity Vertebrates toxicity human cells microplastics nanoplastics toxicants oxidative stress mouse cells
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Summary:	Fragmented or otherwise miniaturized plastic materials in the form of micro- or nanoplastics have been of nagging environmental concern. Perturbation of organismal physiology and behavior by micro- and nanoplastics have been widely documented for marine invertebrates. Some of these effects are also manifested by larger marine vertebrates such as fishes. More recently, possible effects of micro- and nanoplastics on mammalian gut microbiota as well as host cellular and metabolic toxicity have been reported in mouse models. Human exposure to micro- and nanoplastics occurs largely through ingestion, as these are found in food or derived from food packaging, but also in a less well-defined manner though inhalation. The pathophysiological consequences of acute and chronic micro- and nanoplastics exposure in the mammalian system, particularly humans, are yet unclear. In this review, we focus on the recent findings related to the potential toxicity and detrimental effects of micro- and nanoplastics as demonstrated in mouse models as well as human cell lines. The prevailing data suggest that micro- and nanoplastics accumulation in mammalian and human tissues would likely have negative, yet unclear long-term consequences. There is a need for cellular and systemic toxicity due to micro- and nanoplastics to be better illuminated, and the underlying mechanisms defined by further work.
ISSN:	1660-4601 1661-7827 1660-4601
DOI:	10.3390/ijerph17051509