The Space Omics and Medical Atlas (SOMA) and international astronaut biobank

Spaceflight induces molecular, cellular and physiological shifts in astronauts and poses myriad biomedical challenges to the human body, which are becoming increasingly relevant as more humans venture into space 1 – 6 . Yet current frameworks for aerospace medicine are nascent and lag far behind adv...

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Published in:	Nature (London) Vol. 632; no. 8027; pp. 1145 - 1154
Main Authors:	Overbey, Eliah G., Kim, JangKeun, Tierney, Braden T., Park, Jiwoon, Houerbi, Nadia, Lucaci, Alexander G., Garcia Medina, Sebastian, Damle, Namita, Najjar, Deena, Grigorev, Kirill, Afshin, Evan E., Ryon, Krista A., Sienkiewicz, Karolina, Klotz, Remi, Ortiz, Veronica, MacKay, Matthew, Schweickart, Annalise, Sierra, Maria A., Valenzuela, Matias F., Dantas, Ezequiel, Nelson, Theodore M., Foox, Jonathan, Narayanan, S. Anand, Schmidt, Caleb M., Schmidt, Michael A., Schmidt, Julian C., Mullane, Sean, Tigchelaar, Seth Stravers, Levitte, Steven, Westover, Craig, Bhattacharya, Chandrima, Lucotti, Serena, Wain Hirschberg, Jeremy, Proszynski, Jacqueline, Burke, Marissa, Kleinman, Ashley S., Loy, Conor, Mzava, Omary, Lenz, Joan, Paul, Doru, Mozsary, Christopher, Sanders, Lauren M., Taylor, Lynn E., Khan, Sharib A., Suhail Mohamad, Mir, Byhaqui, Syed Gufran Ahmad, Gajadhar, Aaron S., Tandel, Purvi, Yang, Qiu, Chu, Jessica, Benz, Ryan W., Siddiqui, Asim, Hornburg, Daniel, Blease, Kelly, Moreno, Juan, Boddicker, Andrew, Zhao, Junhua, Lajoie, Bryan, Scott, Ryan T., Gilbert, Rachel R., Lai Polo, San-huei, Altomare, Andrew, Kruglyak, Semyon, Levy, Shawn, Ariyapala, Ishara, Beer, Joanne, Zhang, Bingqing, Hudson, Briana M., Rininger, Aric, Church, Sarah E., Beheshti, Afshin, Church, George M., Smith, Scott M., Crucian, Brian E., Zwart, Sara R., Matei, Irina, Lyden, David C., Garrett-Bakelman, Francine, Krumsiek, Jan, Chen, Qiuying, Miller, Dawson, Shuga, Joe, Williams, Stephen, Nemec, Corey, Trudel, Guy, Pelchat, Martin, Laneuville, Odette, De Vlaminck, Iwijn, Gross, Steven, Bolton, Kelly L., Bailey, Susan M., Furman, David, Melnick, Ari M., Costes, Sylvain V., Shirah, Bader, Yu, Min, Menon, Anil S., Mateus, Jaime, Meydan, Cem, Mason, Christopher E.
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	London Nature Publishing Group UK 29-08-2024 Nature Publishing Group
Subjects:	38 45 45/23 45/91 631/208 631/337 692/308 82 82/58 Aerospace Medicine Animals Astronauts Atlases as Topic Biobanks Biological Specimen Banks Biomarkers Chemokines Cytokines Datasets Epigenomics Gene expression Genes Genomics Humanities and Social Sciences Humans Internationality Male Mars missions Medicine Metabolism Metabolites Metabolomics Microbiomes Microbiota - genetics multidisciplinary Physiology Plasma Precision Medicine Proteomics Risk reduction Science Science (multidisciplinary) Skin Space Flight Space missions Telomeres Transcriptomics
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Summary:	Spaceflight induces molecular, cellular and physiological shifts in astronauts and poses myriad biomedical challenges to the human body, which are becoming increasingly relevant as more humans venture into space 1 – 6 . Yet current frameworks for aerospace medicine are nascent and lag far behind advancements in precision medicine on Earth, underscoring the need for rapid development of space medicine databases, tools and protocols. Here we present the Space Omics and Medical Atlas (SOMA), an integrated data and sample repository for clinical, cellular and multi-omic research profiles from a diverse range of missions, including the NASA Twins Study 7 , JAXA CFE study 8 , 9 , SpaceX Inspiration4 crew 10 – 12 , Axiom and Polaris. The SOMA resource represents a more than tenfold increase in publicly available human space omics data, with matched samples available from the Cornell Aerospace Medicine Biobank. The Atlas includes extensive molecular and physiological profiles encompassing genomics, epigenomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics and microbiome datasets, which reveal some consistent features across missions, including cytokine shifts, telomere elongation and gene expression changes, as well as mission-specific molecular responses and links to orthologous, tissue-specific mouse datasets. Leveraging the datasets, tools and resources in SOMA can help to accelerate precision aerospace medicine, bringing needed health monitoring, risk mitigation and countermeasure data for upcoming lunar, Mars and exploration-class missions. An integrated data and sample repository for clinical, cellular and multi-omics research from diverse spaceflight missions known as Space Omics and Medical Atlas (SOMA) is presented.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23
ISSN:	0028-0836 1476-4687 1476-4687
DOI:	10.1038/s41586-024-07639-y