The Role of the Pancreatic Extracellular Matrix as a Tissue Engineering Support for the Bioartificial Pancreas

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a chronic condition primarily managed with insulin replacement, leading to significant treatment costs. Complications include vasculopathy, cardiovascular diseases, nephropathy, neuropathy, and reticulopathy. Pancreatic islet transplantation is an option but its su...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Biomimetics (Basel, Switzerland) Vol. 9; no. 10; p. 598
Main Authors:	Santos da Silva, Thamires, Silva-Júnior, Leandro Norberto da, Horvath-Pereira, Bianca de Oliveira, Valbão, Maria Carolina Miglino, Garcia, Matheus Henrique Herminio, Lopes, Juliana Barbosa, Reis, Carlos Henrique Bertoni, Barreto, Rodrigo da Silva Nunes, Buchaim, Daniela Vieira, Buchaim, Rogerio Leone, Miglino, Maria Angelica
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Switzerland MDPI AG 02-10-2024 MDPI
Subjects:	Biological products Biomaterials Blood & organ donations Cardiovascular diseases Cell adhesion Cell differentiation Cell migration Cell viability Circulatory system decellularization Diabetes diabetes mellitus Diabetes mellitus (insulin dependent) Diabetes therapy Diabetic neuropathy Excretory system Extracellular matrix Glycoproteins Health aspects Immunosuppression Immunotherapy Insulin insulin-producing cells Islet cells Methods Nephropathy Neuropathy Pancreas Pancreas transplantation Pancreatic islet transplantation Public health Review Success Tissue engineering Transplantation of organs, tissues, etc Type 1 diabetes Type 2 diabetes Vascular diseases Vascularization Veins & arteries Brazil insulin-producing cells tissue engineering diabetes mellitus decellularization extracellular matrix
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Summary:	Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a chronic condition primarily managed with insulin replacement, leading to significant treatment costs. Complications include vasculopathy, cardiovascular diseases, nephropathy, neuropathy, and reticulopathy. Pancreatic islet transplantation is an option but its success does not depend solely on adequate vascularization. The main limitations to clinical islet transplantation are the scarcity of human pancreas, the need for immunosuppression, and the inadequacy of the islet isolation process. Despite extensive research, T1DM remains a major global health issue. In 2015, diabetes affected approximately 415 million people, with projected expenditures of USD 1.7 trillion by 2030. Pancreas transplantation faces challenges due to limited organ availability and complex vascularization. T1DM is caused by the autoimmune destruction of insulin-producing pancreatic cells. Advances in biomaterials, particularly the extracellular matrix (ECM), show promise in tissue reconstruction and transplantation, offering structural and regulatory functions critical for cell migration, differentiation, and adhesion. Tissue engineering aims to create bioartificial pancreases integrating insulin-producing cells and suitable frameworks. This involves decellularization and recellularization techniques to develop biological scaffolds. The challenges include replicating the pancreas's intricate architecture and maintaining cell viability and functionality. Emerging technologies, such as 3D printing and advanced biomaterials, have shown potential in constructing bioartificial organs. ECM components, including collagens and glycoproteins, play essential roles in cell adhesion, migration, and differentiation. Clinical applications focus on developing functional scaffolds for transplantation, with ongoing research addressing immunological responses and long-term efficacy. Pancreatic bioengineering represents a promising avenue for T1DM treatment, requiring further research to ensure successful implementation.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 ObjectType-Review-3 content type line 23
ISSN:	2313-7673 2313-7673
DOI:	10.3390/biomimetics9100598