Two Different Concentrations of Ketofol for Procedural Sedation and Analgesia in Closed Reduction of Nasal Fracture

Ketofol is a mixture of propofol and ketamine in various concentrations. It is accepted as a suitable combination in procedural sedation and analgesia. The mixture of propofol and ketamine with different respiratory and hemodynamic effects may result in fewer dose-related side effects and a probable...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	The Journal of craniofacial surgery Vol. 27; no. 4; pp. 996 - 1000
Main Authors:	Ayatollahi, Vida, Vafaiyan, Maryam, Hatami, Maryam, Behdad, Shekoufeh
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	United States 01-06-2016
Subjects:	Adolescent Adult Analgesia - methods Anesthetics, Intravenous - administration & dosage Child Conscious Sedation - methods Dentistry Double-Blind Method Drug Combinations Female Fracture Fixation, Internal - methods Humans Ketamine - administration & dosage Male Middle Aged Nose - injuries Pain - diagnosis Pain - drug therapy Pain Management - methods Propofol - administration & dosage Skull Fractures - diagnosis Skull Fractures - surgery Young Adult
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Summary:	Ketofol is a mixture of propofol and ketamine in various concentrations. It is accepted as a suitable combination in procedural sedation and analgesia. The mixture of propofol and ketamine with different respiratory and hemodynamic effects may result in fewer dose-related side effects and a probable synergistic effect. This study was designed to compare the adverse effects and quality of analgesia of 2 different intravenous concentrations of ketofol in patients undergoing closed reduction of the nose. This randomized double-blinded study was conducted on 100 patients who underwent closed reduction of nose. The patients were divided into 2 groups of 50, and received either a combination of propofol/ketamine (1:1) (Group I) or propofol/ketamine (3:1) (Group II). Hemodynamic changes, including systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, heart rate and O2sat, and side effects such as hallucination, vomiting, coughing and apnea, were recorded. Data analysis showed that the demographic characteristics (age, height, and weight) were similar in 2 groups, and there were no significant differences between the 2 groups. There was no significant hemodynamic change between both groups. However, there was a decrease in hallucination and vomiting in the group that received higher concentration of ketofol (ketamine/propofol of 1:3). There was no significant hemodynamic change between both groups that received concentrations of 1:1 and 3:1 propofol /ketamine. However, there was a reduction in hallucination, vomiting, and recovery duration in the group that received higher concentration of propofol. In conclusion, increasing the concentration of propofol can be useful with fewer side effects and lower duration of recovery.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-2 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-News-1 ObjectType-Feature-3 content type line 23
ISSN:	1049-2275 1536-3732
DOI:	10.1097/SCS.0000000000002660