LAPKaans: Tool-Motion Tracking and Gripping Force-Sensing Modular Smart Laparoscopic Training System

LAPKaans: Tool-Motion Tracking and Gripping Force-Sensing Modular Smart Laparoscopic Training System

Laparoscopic surgery demands highly skilled surgeons. Traditionally, a surgeon's knowledge is acquired by operating under a mentor-trainee method. In recent years, laparoscopic simulators have gained ground as tools in skill acquisition. Despite the wide range of laparoscopic simulators availab...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) Vol. 20; no. 23; p. 6937
Main Authors: Olivas-Alanis, Luis H, Calzada-Briseño, Ricardo A, Segura-Ibarra, Victor, Vázquez, Elisa V, Diaz-Elizondo, Jose A, Flores-Villalba, Eduardo, Rodriguez, Ciro A
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 04-12-2020
MDPI
Subjects:
additive manufacturing
Clinical Competence
Computer Simulation
Curing
Feedback
force sensor
Humans
Knowledge acquisition
laparoscopic surgery
Laparoscopy
Mechanical Phenomena
Medical instruments
Modular systems
Motion systems
motion tracking
Noise reduction
Polydimethylsiloxane
Sensors
Simulation
Simulators
Skills
Stiffness
Surgeons
Surgery
surgery simulator
Training
User-Computer Interface
United States > US
additive manufacturing
motion tracking
force sensor
surgery simulator
laparoscopic surgery
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Summary:Laparoscopic surgery demands highly skilled surgeons. Traditionally, a surgeon's knowledge is acquired by operating under a mentor-trainee method. In recent years, laparoscopic simulators have gained ground as tools in skill acquisition. Despite the wide range of laparoscopic simulators available, few provide objective feedback to the trainee. Those systems with quantitative feedback tend to be high-end solutions with limited availability due to cost. A modular smart trainer was developed, combining tool-tracking and force-using employing commercially available sensors. Additionally, a force training system based on polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) phantoms for sample stiffness differentiation is presented. This prototype was tested with 39 subjects, between novices (13), intermediates (13), and experts (13), evaluating execution differences among groups in training exercises. The estimated cost is USD $200 (components only), not including laparoscopic instruments. The motion system was tested for noise reduction and position validation with a mean error of 0.94 mm. Grasping force approximation showed a correlation of 0.9975. Furthermore, differences in phantoms stiffness effectively reflected user manipulation. Subject groups showed significant differences in execution time, accumulated distance, and mean and maximum applied grasping force. Accurate information was obtained regarding motion and force. The developed force-sensing tool can easily be transferred to a clinical setting. Further work will consist on a validation of the simulator on a wider range of tasks and a larger sample of volunteers.
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ISSN:1424-8220
1424-8220
DOI:10.3390/s20236937