The Effect of TBB, as an Initiator, on the Biological Compatibility of PMMA/MMA Bone Cement

Acrylic bone cement is widely used in orthopedic surgery for treating various conditions of the bone and joints. Bone cement consists of methyl methacrylate (MMA), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), and benzoyl peroxide (BPO), functioning as a liquid monomer, solid phase, and polymerization initiator,...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	International journal of molecular sciences Vol. 21; no. 11; p. 4016
Main Authors:	Hamajima, Kosuke, Ozawa, Ryotaro, Saruta, Juri, Saita, Makiko, Kitajima, Hiroaki, Taleghani, Samira Rahim, Usami, Dan, Goharian, Donya, Uno, Mitsunori, Miyazawa, Ken, Goto, Shigemi, Tsukinoki, Keiichi, Ogawa, Takahiro
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Switzerland MDPI AG 04-06-2020 MDPI
Subjects:	Alkaline phosphatase Antioxidants arthroplasty balloon kyphoplasty Benzoyl peroxide Biocompatibility Biocompatible Materials - chemistry Biomarkers Biomedical materials Bone cements Bone Cements - chemistry Bone implants Bone marrow Bone surgery Cell Culture Techniques Cells, Cultured Cement Chemical Phenomena Contact angle Cytotoxicity Electron paramagnetic resonance Electron spin Electron spin resonance free radical Free radicals Gene expression hydrophilic implants Materials Testing Methylmethacrylate - chemistry Mineralization Orthopedics Osteoblastogenesis Osteoblasts Osteoblasts - cytology Osteoblasts - metabolism Oxidative stress Peroxide Phenotype Physicochemical properties Polymerization Polymethyl methacrylate Polymethyl Methacrylate - chemistry Solid phases Spectroscopy Spin resonance Temperature Toxicity Transplants & implants arthroplasty balloon kyphoplasty orthopedic surgery hydrophilic total hip replacement free radical implants cytotoxicity
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Summary:	Acrylic bone cement is widely used in orthopedic surgery for treating various conditions of the bone and joints. Bone cement consists of methyl methacrylate (MMA), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), and benzoyl peroxide (BPO), functioning as a liquid monomer, solid phase, and polymerization initiator, respectively. However, cell and tissue toxicity caused by bone cement has been a concern. This study aimed to determine the effect of tri-n-butyl borane (TBB) as an initiator on the biocompatibility of bone cement. Rat spine bone marrow-derived osteoblasts were cultured on two commercially available PMMA-BPO bone cements and a PMMA-TBB experimental material. After a 24-h incubation, more cells survived on PMMA-TBB than on PMMA-BPO. Cytomorphometry showed that the area of cell spread was greater on PMMA-TBB than on PMMA-BPO. Analysis of alkaline phosphatase activity, gene expression, and matrix mineralization showed that the osteoblastic differentiation was substantially advanced on the PMMA-TBB. Electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy revealed that polymerization radical production within the PMMA-TBB was 1/15-1/20 of that within the PMMA-BPO. Thus, the use of TBB as an initiator, improved the biocompatibility and physicochemical properties of the PMMA-based material.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 These authors contributed equally to this work.
ISSN:	1422-0067 1661-6596 1422-0067
DOI:	10.3390/ijms21114016