Grape juice attenuates left ventricular hypertrophy in dyslipidemic mice

Objective We evaluated the effects of grape juice (Vitis labrusca L.) on dyslipidemia, resistance to insulin, and left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) in mice homozygous for the absence of the LDL receptor gene (LDLr -/-) under a hyperlipidemic diet. Methodology We divided 30 male mice (3 months old)...

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Published in:	PloS one Vol. 15; no. 9; p. e0238163
Main Authors:	Martins, Ângela Maria, Silva Sarto, Danielle Aparecida Quintino, Caproni, Karine de Paula, Silva, Janaína, Silva, Jaqueline, Souza, Paulo Sérgio, dos Santos, Leandro, Ureña, Marcos Javier Espino, Souza Carvalho, Maria das Graças de, Vilas Boas, Brígida Monteiro, Miranda, Lidiane Paula Ardisson, Garcia, José Antonio Dias
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	San Francisco Public Library of Science 03-09-2020 Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Subjects:	Acids Animals Anti-inflammatory agents Antioxidants Biology and Life Sciences Blood pressure C-reactive protein Cardiomyocytes Cardiovascular diseases CD40 antigen CD40L protein Cholesterol Collagen Diet Dyslipidemia Education Feeds Functional foods & nutraceuticals Gelatinase A Gelatinase B Glucose Heart Heart rate High fat diet Hypertension Hypertrophy Inflammation Inflammatory response Insulin Insulin resistance Juices Ligands Lipids Lipoproteins Low density lipoprotein Low density lipoprotein receptors Matrix metalloproteinases Medicine and Health Sciences Metabolic disorders Methods Moisture content Ostomy Oxidative stress Phenolic compounds Phenols Physical Sciences Proteins Serum levels Simvastatin Ventricle Vitis labrusca Brazil
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Summary:	Objective We evaluated the effects of grape juice (Vitis labrusca L.) on dyslipidemia, resistance to insulin, and left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) in mice homozygous for the absence of the LDL receptor gene (LDLr -/-) under a hyperlipidemic diet. Methodology We divided 30 male mice (3 months old) into three groups (n = 10); the HL group was fed a high-fat diet, the HLU group received a high-fat diet and 2 g/kg/day of grape juice, and the HLS group was fed a high-fat diet and simvastatin (20 mg/kg/day). We assessed the blood pressure profile of the mice. We also determined the levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) and lipid profile, glycemic and insulinemic profiles, and calculated the HOMA-IR. Cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, interstitial collagen deposit, and the expression of CD40 ligand (CD40L) and metalloproteinases 2 and 9 were assessed immunohistologically. Results After 60 days, the mice treated with grape juice showed similar results as those of the group treated with simvastatin. The use of grape fruit attenuated dyslipidemia and insulin resistance and significantly increased the levels of high cholesterol density lipoproteins (HDLc). The antioxidant potential of phenolic compounds associated with the increase in HDLc levels in the mice of the HLU group prevented the development of LVH and arterial hypertension since it inhibited the inflammatory response induced by the CD40 pathway and its ligand CD40L. Consequently, there was a lower expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 and lower serum levels of CRP. Conclusion Grape juice has a hypolipidemic and cardiac protective potential, presenting a similar effect as that of simvastatin through a direct antioxidant action of phenolic compounds, or indirectly, via antioxidant action and anti-inflammatory activity of the HDLc. These results suggest that grape juice is a functional food possessing a high potential to prevent cardiovascular diseases.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
ISSN:	1932-6203 1932-6203
DOI:	10.1371/journal.pone.0238163