The Unique Identification of an Unknown Soldier from the Estonian War of Independence

The Unique Identification of an Unknown Soldier from the Estonian War of Independence

The identification of human remains is challenging mostly due to the bad condition of the remains and the available background information that is sometimes limited. The current case report is related to the identification of an unknown soldier from the Estonian War of Independence (1918-1920). The...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Genes Vol. 12; no. 11; p. 1722
Main Authors: Aaspõllu, Anu, Allmäe, Raili, Puss, Fred, Parson, Walther, Pihkva, Küllike, Kriiska-Maiväli, Kairi, Unt, Arnold
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 28-10-2021
MDPI
Subjects:
Archives
Armed Conflicts - history
Body Remains - chemistry
Bones
Case Report
Cellulose
Chromosomes, Human, Y - genetics
Estonia
Forensic Anthropology
Government archives
Haplotypes
History, 20th Century
Human remains
Humans
Identification
Male
Microsatellite Repeats
Military Personnel - history
Morphology
Pedigree
Sutures
Tooth - chemistry
War
Y chromosomes
Estonia
United States > US
Y-chromosomal STR haplotypes
genealogy/kinship analysis
human remains identification
DNA typing
anthropological assessment
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Summary:The identification of human remains is challenging mostly due to the bad condition of the remains and the available background information that is sometimes limited. The current case report is related to the identification of an unknown soldier from the Estonian War of Independence (1918-1920). The case includes an anthropological study of the remains, examinations of documents found with the exhumed remains, and kinship estimations based on archival documents, and DNA analyses. As the preliminary data pointed to remains of male origin, Y-chromosomal STR (short tandem repeat) analyses of 22 Y-STR loci were used to analyze the exhumed teeth. Reference samples from individuals from two paternal lineages were collected based on archival documents. Y-chromosomal STR results for the tooth samples were consistent with a patrilineal relationship to only one reference sample out of two proposed paternal lineages. Based on the provided pedigrees in the consistent case, the Y-STR results are approximately four million times more likely if the tooth sample originated from an individual related along the paternal line to the matching reference sample, than if the tooth sample originated from another person in the general population. Special considerations have to be met when limited evidence is available.
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ISSN:2073-4425
2073-4425
DOI:10.3390/genes12111722