Fat body and hemocyte contribution to the antimicrobial peptide synthesis in Calliphora vicina R.-D. (Diptera: Calliphoridae) larvae

Antimicrobial peptides accumulated in the hemolymph in response to infection are a key element of insect innate immunity. The involvement of the fat body and hemocytes in the antimicrobial peptide synthesis is widely acknowledged, although release of the peptides present in the hemolymph from the im...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Animal Vol. 53; no. 1; pp. 33 - 42
Main Authors:	Yakovlev, Andrey Yu, Nesin, Alexander P., Simonenko, Nina P., Gordya, Natalia A., Tulin, Dmitriy V., Kruglikova, Anastasia A., Chernysh, Sergey I.
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	New York Springer Science & Business Media LLC 01-01-2017 Springer US Society for In Vitro Biology
Subjects:	Amino Acid Sequence Animal Genetics and Genomics Animals Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides - biosynthesis Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides - chemistry Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides - pharmacology Biomedical and Life Sciences CELL AND TISSUE MODELS Cell Biology Cell Culture Cells, Cultured Chemical Fractionation Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid Culture Media - pharmacology Developmental Biology Diptera - cytology Fat Body - cytology Hemocytes - cytology Larva - cytology Larva - drug effects Life Sciences Lymphocytes - cytology Lymphocytes - drug effects Molecular Weight Stem Cells Insect immunity Cell cultures Fat body Antimicrobial peptides Hemocytes
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Summary:	Antimicrobial peptides accumulated in the hemolymph in response to infection are a key element of insect innate immunity. The involvement of the fat body and hemocytes in the antimicrobial peptide synthesis is widely acknowledged, although release of the peptides present in the hemolymph from the immune cells was not directly verified so far. Here, we studied the presence of antimicrobial peptides in the culture medium of fat body cells and hemocytes isolated from the blue blowfly Calliphora vicina using complex of liquid chromatography, mass spectrometry, and antimicrobial activity assays. Both fat body and hemocytes are shown to synthesize and release to culture medium defensin, cecropin, diptericins, and proline-rich peptides. The spectra of peptide antibiotics released by the fat body and hemocytes partially overlap. Thus, the results suggest that insect fat body and blood cells are capable of releasing mature antimicrobial peptides to the hemolymph. It is notable that the data obtained demonstrate dramatic difference in the functioning of insect antimicrobial peptides and their mammalian counterparts localized into blood cells' phagosomes where they exert their antibacterial activity.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23
ISSN:	1071-2690 1543-706X
DOI:	10.1007/s11626-016-0078-1