Determinants of mortality among hospitalized patients with COVID-19 during first and second waves of the pandemic: A retrospective cohort study from an isolation center in Kano, Nigeria

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has emerged as an important cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The aim of this study is to identify the clinical predictors of mortality among patients with COVID-19 pneumonia during first and second waves in a treatment center in northwestern Nigeria. Th...

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Published in:	PloS one Vol. 18; no. 2; p. e0281455
Main Authors:	Dayyab, Farouq Muhammad, Bashir, Hussain Abdullahi, Sulaiman, Abdulwahab Kabir, Iliyasu, Garba, Hamza, Muhammad, Yakasai, Ahmad Maifada, Nashabaru, Ibrahim, Saidu, Hadiza, Ahmad, Bashir Garba, Dabo, Bashir, Abubakar, Aminu Yusuf, Idris, Ibrahim Musa, Yahaya, Abdulrauf Sani, Ado, Mustapha, Abdurrahman, Ibrahim Sabo, Usman, Hafizu Musa, Bello, Mohammed Kabiru, Jaafar, Jaafar Suleiman, Abdullahi, Anifowose, Alhassan, Abubakar Muhammad, Ahmad, Abdulmalik, Allen, Alika Ehima, Ezekiel, Medu Oghenekevwe, Umar, Muhammad Abdullahi, Abdullahi, Muhammad B, Sulaiman, Sahabi Kabir, Hussaini, Tijjani, Umar, Amina Abdullahi, Tsanyawa, Aminu Ibrahim, Shuaibu, Sabitu Y, Kabo, Nasir Alhassan, Muhammad, Basheer Lawan, Yahaya, Mohammed Nura, Bello, Imam Wada, Rajab, Ashiru, Daiyab, Abdulhakim Muhammad, Kabara, Aminu Faruk, Garko, Muhammad Sule, Habib, Abdulrazaq Garba
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	United States Public Library of Science 06-02-2023 Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Subjects:	Analysis Anti-inflammatory agents Asthma Bacterial pneumonia BCG BCG vaccines Biology and Life Sciences Blood pressure Cohort analysis Complications Confidence intervals Coronaviruses COVID-19 COVID-19 - epidemiology Creatinine Diabetes Epidemics Female Fever HIV Hospital patients Hospitalization Human immunodeficiency virus Humans Hypertension Independent variables Kidneys Laboratories Male Medical research Medicine and Health Sciences Medicine, Experimental Middle Aged Missing data Molecular weight Morbidity Mortality Nigeria Nigeria - epidemiology Pandemics Patient outcomes Patients People and Places Pneumonia Polymerase chain reaction Population Population studies Regression analysis Regression models Retrospective Studies Sepsis Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Statistical analysis Statistics Steroids Viral diseases Nigeria United States > US Kano Nigeria
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Summary:	Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has emerged as an important cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The aim of this study is to identify the clinical predictors of mortality among patients with COVID-19 pneumonia during first and second waves in a treatment center in northwestern Nigeria. This was a retrospective cohort study of 195 patients hospitalized with COVID-19 between April 2020 to March 2021 at a designated COVID-19 isolation center in Kano State, Northwest Nigeria. Data were summarized using frequencies and percentages. Unadjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals and p-values were obtained. To determine independent determinants of mortality, we performed a stepwise multivariate logistic regression model. Of 195 patients studied, 21(10.77%) patients died. Males comprised 158 (81.03%) of the study population. In the adjusted stepwise logistic regression analysis, age>64 years (OR = 9.476, 95% CI: 2.181-41.165), second wave of the pandemic (OR = 49.340, 95% CI:6.222-391.247), cardiac complications (OR = 24.984, 95% CI: 3.618-172.508), hypertension (OR = 5.831, 95% CI:1.413-24.065) and lowest systolic blood pressure while on admission greater than or equal to 90mmHg were independent predictors of mortality (OR = 0.111, 95%CI: 0.021-0.581). Strategies targeted to prioritize needed care to patients with identified factors that predict mortality might improve patient outcome.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 Current address: East Kent Hospitals University NHS Foundation Trust, Canterbury, England, United Kingdom Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. Current address: Department of Medicine, King Hamad University Hospital, Muharraq, Bahrain
ISSN:	1932-6203 1932-6203
DOI:	10.1371/journal.pone.0281455