Genetic profiling of human bone marrow and adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells reveals differences in osteogenic signaling mediated by graphene

Genetic profiling of human bone marrow and adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells reveals differences in osteogenic signaling mediated by graphene

In the last decade, graphene surfaces have consistently supported osteoblast development of stem cells, holding promise as a therapeutic implant for degenerative bone diseases. However, until now no study has specifically examined the genetic changes when stem cells undergo osteogenic differentiatio...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of nanobiotechnology Vol. 19; no. 1; p. 285
Main Authors: MacDonald, Amber F, Trotter, Ruby D, Griffin, Christopher D, Bow, Austin J, Newby, Steven D, King, William J, Amelse, Lisa L, Masi, Thomas J, Bourdo, Shawn E, Dhar, Madhu S
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: England BioMed Central Ltd 22-09-2021
BioMed Central
BMC
Subjects:
Adipose tissue
Adipose Tissue - cytology
Angiogenesis
Angiogenic signaling
Biomarkers
Biomedical materials
Blood vessels
Body fat
Bone diseases
Bone Marrow
Bone marrow cells
Cell adhesion
Cell culture
Cell Differentiation
Cellular signal transduction
Differentiation (biology)
Endopeptidases
Experiments
Extracellular matrix
Fat cells
Focused arrays
Gene expression
Gene regulation
Genes
Genetic aspects
Graphene
Graphite - metabolism
Growth factors
Homeobox
Homology
Human mesenchymal stem cells
Humans
Laboratories
Mesenchymal stem cells
Mesenchymal Stem Cells - cytology
Nanomaterials
Nanoparticles
Osteoblasts
Osteogenesis
Osteogenesis - physiology
Osteogenic signaling
Physiological aspects
Signal Transduction
Signaling
Smad protein
Software
Stem cells
Tissue engineering
Topography
Transcription
United States
Angiogenic signaling
Focused arrays
Human mesenchymal stem cells
Osteogenesis
Osteogenic signaling
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Summary:In the last decade, graphene surfaces have consistently supported osteoblast development of stem cells, holding promise as a therapeutic implant for degenerative bone diseases. However, until now no study has specifically examined the genetic changes when stem cells undergo osteogenic differentiation on graphene. In this study, we provide a detailed overview of gene expressions when human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from either adipose tissue (AD-MSCs) or bone marrow (BM-MSCs), are cultured on graphene. Genetic expressions were measured using osteogenic RT profiler PCR arrays and compared either over time (7 or 21 days) or between each cell source at each time point. Genes were categorized as either transcriptional regulation, osteoblast-related, extracellular matrix, cellular adhesion, BMP and SMAD signaling, growth factors, or angiogenic factors. Results showed that both MSC sources cultured on low oxygen graphene surfaces achieved osteogenesis by 21 days and expressed specific osteoblast markers. However, each MSC source cultured on graphene did have genetically different responses. When compared between each other, we found that genes of BM-MSCs were robustly expressed, and more noticeable after 7 days of culturing, suggesting BM-MSCs initiate osteogenesis at an earlier time point than AD-MSCs on graphene. Additionally, we found upregulated angiogenic markers in both MSCs sources, suggesting graphene could simultaneously attract the ingrowth of blood vessels in vivo. Finally, we identified several novel targets, including distal-less homeobox 5 (DLX5) and phosphate-regulating endopeptidase homolog, X-linked (PHEX). Overall, this study shows that graphene genetically supports differentiation of both AD-MSCs and BM-MSCs but may involve different signaling mechanisms to achieve osteogenesis. Data further demonstrates the lack of aberrant signaling due to cell-graphene interaction, strengthening the application of specific form and concentration of graphene nanoparticles in bone tissue engineering.
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ISSN:1477-3155
1477-3155
DOI:10.1186/s12951-021-01024-x