In vitro anti-HIV activity of five selected South African medicinal plant extracts

Five South African medicinal plants, Bulbine alooides (L.) Willd. (Asphodelaceae), Crinum macowani Baker (Amaryllidaceae), Hypoxis sobolifera var. sobolifera (Jacq.) Nel (Hypoxidaceae), Leonotis leonurus (L.) R.Br. (Lamiaceae) and Tulbaghia violacea Harv (Liliaceae) used for the treatment of various...

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Published in:	Journal of ethnopharmacology Vol. 124; no. 2; pp. 182 - 188
Main Authors:	Klos, M., van de Venter, M., Milne, P.J., Traore, H.N., Meyer, D., Oosthuizen, V.
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Shannon Elsevier Ireland Ltd 15-07-2009 Amsterdam; New York: Elsevier Elsevier
Subjects:	Amaryllidaceae Anti-Retroviral Agents - pharmacology Anti-Retroviral Agents - therapeutic use Antiviral Agents - pharmacology Antiviral Agents - therapeutic use antiviral properties aqueous solutions bioassays Biological and medical sciences Bulbine alooides Cell Line cell lines Crinum Crinum macowani cultured cells enzyme inhibition ethanol General pharmacology herbal medicines HIV HIV Core Protein p24 - metabolism HIV Infections - drug therapy HIV Infections - virology HIV-1 - drug effects HIV-1 - enzymology Human immunodeficiency virus Human immunodeficiency virus 1 Humans Hypoxis sobolifera inhibitory concentration 50 Lamiaceae Leonotis leonurus Leukocytes, Mononuclear - drug effects Liliaceae Magnoliopsida - chemistry Medical sciences medicinal plants Pharmacognosy. Homeopathy. Health food Pharmacology. Drug treatments Phytotherapy plant extracts Plant Extracts - pharmacology Plant Extracts - therapeutic use Plant Roots Plants, Medicinal - chemistry Polysaccharides - pharmacology proteinases RNA-directed DNA polymerase solvents Tannins - adverse effects Tannins - pharmacology Tulbaghia violacea viral proteins South Africa Africa BSA Bulbine alooides Hypoxis sobolifera HIV-1 PR HIV-1 RT HIV Crinum macowani Leonotis leonurus FC PBMC Tulbaghia violacea Monocotyledones Antiretroviral agent Ornamental crop Pesticide crop Medicinal plant Dicotyledones Angiospermae Antiviral Immunopathology Pharmacognosy Retroviridae AIDS Immune deficiency Lentivirus In vitro Infection Virus Liliaceae Labiatae Viral disease Plant origin Spermatophyta Human immunodeficiency virus Amaryllidaceae
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Summary:	Five South African medicinal plants, Bulbine alooides (L.) Willd. (Asphodelaceae), Crinum macowani Baker (Amaryllidaceae), Hypoxis sobolifera var. sobolifera (Jacq.) Nel (Hypoxidaceae), Leonotis leonurus (L.) R.Br. (Lamiaceae) and Tulbaghia violacea Harv (Liliaceae) used for the treatment of various ailments, including infectious diseases, were screened for activity against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Aqueous and ethanol extracts were tested for inhibitory activity in HIV-1 infected CEM.NK R-CCR5 cells, and against HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT) and HIV-1 protease (PR). In CEM.NK R-CCR5 cells, ethanol extracts of Leonotis leonurus inhibited HIV-1 significantly (33% reduction in HIV-1 p24, P < 0.05). HIV-1 RT inhibition (≥50%) was shown for extracts of Bulbine alooides (aqueous and ethanol), Hypoxis sobolifera (aqueous and ethanol) and Leonotis leonurus (aqueous), but inhibitory activity was lost upon dereplication for removal of non-specific tannins/polysaccharides. HIV-1 PR inhibition was observed for extracts of Hypoxis sobolifera (aqueous), Bulbine alooides (aqueous and ethanol) and Leonotis leonurus (ethanol). Only ethanolic extracts of Bulbine alooides and Leonotis leonurus retained HIV-1 PR inhibition after dereplication with IC 50 of 94 μg/ml and 120 μg/ml, respectively. The dereplicated ethanolic extracts of Leonotis leonurus and Bulbine alooides showed the greatest anti-HIV potential in this study through inhibition of HIV-1 PR.
Bibliography:	http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2009.04.043 ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23
ISSN:	0378-8741 1872-7573
DOI:	10.1016/j.jep.2009.04.043