Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever in Quang Nam Province (Vietnam) from 2020 to 2022-A Study on Serotypes Distribution and Immunology Factors

Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever in Quang Nam Province (Vietnam) from 2020 to 2022-A Study on Serotypes Distribution and Immunology Factors

Dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) is the most prevalent and fastest-growing vector-borne disease globally, with symptoms ranging from mild to severe and, in some cases, fatal. Quang Nam province in Vietnam can serve as a model for dengue epidemiological study, as it is an endemic region for DHF with a...

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Published in:Diagnostics (Basel) Vol. 14; no. 16; p. 1772
Main Authors: Pham, Huong T, Pham, Thao N T, Tran, Nhu H T, Ha, Quang D, Tran, Duy K, Nguyen, Nam H D, Pham, Van H, Pham, Son T
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 01-08-2024
MDPI
Subjects:
Age differences
Antibodies
Dengue fever
Dengue hemorrhagic fever
Dengue virus
Disease transmission
Distribution
Enzymes
Epidemiology
Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid
Forecasts and trends
Gender
Health aspects
Hospitalization
Immunoglobulin G
Infections
Infectious diseases
Males
Medical laboratories
MLP RT-rPCR
secondary infection
serotypes
Thermal cycling
Vaccination
Vietnam
Australia
Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
serotypes
Dengue virus
secondary infection
MLP RT-rPCR
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Summary:Dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) is the most prevalent and fastest-growing vector-borne disease globally, with symptoms ranging from mild to severe and, in some cases, fatal. Quang Nam province in Vietnam can serve as a model for dengue epidemiological study, as it is an endemic region for DHF with a tropical climate, which significantly constrains the health system. However, there are very few epidemiological and microbiological reports on Dengue virus (DENV) serotypes in this region due to the limited availability of advanced surveillance infrastructure. This study aims to (1) assess the PCR positivity rates among hospitalized patients with clinical Dengue presentation; (2) identify the circulating DENV serotypes; and (3) assess the impact of secondary DENV infections on outbreak severity by detecting the presence of DENV-specific IgG antibodies in the plasma of DENV-infected patients. Blood samples from patients clinically diagnosed with DHF and admitted to Quang Nam General Hospital (2020-2022) were analyzed. RNA extraction was performed using the DNA/RNAprep MAGBEAD kit, followed by Multiplex Reverse Transcription real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction (MLP RT-rPCR) for DENV detection and serotype identification. Positive samples were further tested for DENV-specific IgG antibodies using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The PCR positivity rate among hospitalized patients was approximately 68% throughout the study period. A significant shift in DENV serotypes was observed, with DENV-2 initially dominant and later giving way to DENV-1. IgG was detected in nearly half of the MPL RT-rPCR-positive samples, indicating secondary DENV infections. Our study highlights persistent dengue prevalence and dynamic shifts in DENV serotypes in Quang Nam province, emphasizing the need for improved diagnostic strategies and timely sample collection. The significant serotype shifts and the presence of IgG in hospitalized patients suggest potential severe outcomes from recurrent DENV infections, possibly linked to antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) effect, underscoring the importance of advanced surveillance, vector control, vaccination campaigns, and public education to predict and prevent future DHF epidemics.
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These authors contributed equally to this work.
ISSN:2075-4418
2075-4418
DOI:10.3390/diagnostics14161772