Use of diamond sensors for a high‐flux, high‐rate X‐ray pass‐through diagnostic

X‐ray free‐electron lasers (XFELs) deliver pulses of coherent X‐rays on the femtosecond time scale, with potentially high repetition rates. While XFELs provide high peak intensities, both the intensity and the centroid of the beam fluctuate strongly on a pulse‐to‐pulse basis, motivating high‐rate be...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Journal of synchrotron radiation Vol. 29; no. 3; pp. 595 - 601
Main Authors:	Bohon, J., Gonzalez, E., Grace, C., Harris, C. T., Jacobsen, B., Kachiguine, S., Kim, D., MacArthur, J., Martinez-McKinney, F., Mazza, S., Nizam, M., Norvell, N., Padilla, R., Potter, E., Prakash, T., Prebys, E., Ryan, E., Schumm, B. A., Smedley, J., Stuart, D., Tarka, M., Torrecilla, I. S., Wilder, M., Zhu, D.
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	5 Abbey Square, Chester, Cheshire CH1 2HU, England International Union of Crystallography 01-05-2022 John Wiley & Sons, Inc International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
Subjects:	Centroids Charge efficiency Chemical vapor deposition Coherent light Collection Diagnostic systems diamond sensors Diamonds high-flux diagnostics high-rate diagnostics Light sources Materials selection NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS Plasma density Radiation tolerance Research Papers diamond sensors high-flux diagnostics high-rate diagnostics
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Summary:	X‐ray free‐electron lasers (XFELs) deliver pulses of coherent X‐rays on the femtosecond time scale, with potentially high repetition rates. While XFELs provide high peak intensities, both the intensity and the centroid of the beam fluctuate strongly on a pulse‐to‐pulse basis, motivating high‐rate beam diagnostics that operate over a large dynamic range. The fast drift velocity, low X‐ray absorption and high radiation tolerance properties of chemical vapour deposition diamonds make these crystals a promising candidate material for developing a fast (multi‐GHz) pass‐through diagnostic for the next generation of XFELs. A new approach to the design of a diamond sensor signal path is presented, along with associated characterization studies performed in the XPP endstation of the LINAC Coherent Light Source (LCLS) at SLAC. Qualitative charge collection profiles (collected charge versus time) are presented and compared with those from a commercially available detector. Quantitative results on the charge collection efficiency and signal collection times are presented over a range of approximately four orders of magnitude in the generated electron–hole plasma density. Two approaches to the design of a diamond sensor signal path were explored using high‐intensity X‐ray pulses from the LINAC Coherent Light Source at SLAC. Results on the charge‐collection efficiency and signal collection time are presented over a range of approximately four orders of magnitude in the generated electron–hole plasma density.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES) SC0010107; 89233218CNA000001; NA-0003525; AC02-76SF00515; LFR-20-653232; NA0003525; AC02-05CH11231
ISSN:	1600-5775 0909-0495 1600-5775
DOI:	10.1107/S1600577522003022