Determination of lead content in medicinal plants by pre-concentration flow injection analysis-flame atomic absorption spectrometry

Introduction - Although medicinal plants are widely used throughout the world, few studies have been carried out concerning the levels of heavy metal contaminants present. Such metals are highly toxic to living organisms even in low concentrations owing to their cumulative effect. The present paper...

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Published in:	Phytochemical analysis Vol. 20; no. 6; pp. 445 - 449
Main Authors:	Campos, Marina M.A, Tonuci, Henry, Silva, Silvana M, de S. Altoé, Bruna, de Carvalho, Dermeval, Kronka, Eloisa A.M, Pereira, Ana M.S, Bertoni, Bianca W, de C. França, Suzelei, Miranda, Carlos E.S
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Chichester, UK John Wiley & Sons, Ltd 01-11-2009
Subjects:	atomic absorption spectrometry chemical analysis chemical constituents of plants Contaminants Digestion Flow Injection Analysis - methods Flow injection analysis-flame atomic absorption spectrometry Heavy metals Lead Lead - analysis Limit of Detection Medicinal plants Plants, Medicinal - chemistry Reproducibility of Results spectral analysis Spectrometry Spectrophotometry, Atomic - methods
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Summary:	Introduction - Although medicinal plants are widely used throughout the world, few studies have been carried out concerning the levels of heavy metal contaminants present. Such metals are highly toxic to living organisms even in low concentrations owing to their cumulative effect. The present paper describes the the development of a pre-concentration flow injection analysis-flame atomic absorption spectrometric system to determine the lead content in medicinal plants at the ppb level.Objective - To develop a pre-concentration flow injection analysis-flame atomic absorption spectrometric system to determine the lead content in medicinal plants at the ppb level.Methodology - A pre-concentration flow system was coupled to a flame atomic absorption spectrometer. The plant samples were analysed after nitroperchloric digestion. The proposed system was optimised by evaluating the following parameters: nature, concentration and volume of the eluent solution, elution flow rate, elution efficiency, pre-concentration flow rate and pre-concentration time.Results - The proposed system exhibited good performance with high precision and repeatability (RSD [less-than or equal to] 2.36%), excellent linearity (r = 0.9999), low sample consumption (10.5 mL per determination) and an analytical throughput of 55 samples/h. Lead concentrations ranged from 3.37 ± 0.25 to 7.03 ± 0.51 μg/g in dry material. This concentration interval is greater than that previously published in the literature.Conclusion - The inclusion of a pre-concentration column in the flow manifold improved the sensitivity of the spectrometer. Thus, it was possible to determine the analyte at the ng/mL level in sample solutions of medicinal plants. This is a very important accomplishment, especially when the cumulative effect of heavy metals in living organisms is considered. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bibliography:	http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pca.1145 ArticleID:PCA1145 istex:0FBE351F00246B3DFE1B7E5A289D8C13C3A067C1 ark:/67375/WNG-51HV3SMX-6 ObjectType-Article-2 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-1 content type line 23
ISSN:	0958-0344 1099-1565
DOI:	10.1002/pca.1145