SERS Investigation of Cancer Cells Treated with PDT: Quantification of Cell Survival and Follow-up

In this study Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) data recorded from mouse mammary glands cancer cells (4T1 cell line) was used to assess information regarding differences between control, death and viable cells after Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) treatment. The treatment used nanoemulsions (NE/...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Scientific reports Vol. 7; no. 1; pp. 7175 - 12
Main Authors:	Veloso, A. B., Longo, J. P. F., Muehlmann, L. A., Tollstadius, B. F., Souza, P. E. N., Azevedo, R. B., Morais, P. C., da Silva, S. W.
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	London Nature Publishing Group UK 03-08-2017 Nature Publishing Group Nature Portfolio
Subjects:	140/133 631/154/152 639/925/350/2093 Animals Apoptosis Breast cancer Breast Neoplasms - drug therapy Cancer Cancer therapies Cell death Cell Death - drug effects Cell Line, Tumor Cell survival Cell Survival - drug effects Data processing Glands Humanities and Social Sciences Indoles - administration & dosage Indoles - pharmacology Lipids Mice multidisciplinary Multivariate analysis Nanoemulsions Nanostructured materials Nanotechnology Organometallic Compounds - administration & dosage Organometallic Compounds - pharmacology Oxidative stress Photochemotherapy - methods Photodynamic therapy Photosensitizing Agents - administration & dosage Photosensitizing Agents - pharmacology Principal Component Analysis Principal components analysis Proteins Raman spectroscopy Science Science (multidisciplinary) Spectroscopy Spectrum Analysis, Raman - methods Survival Thermography
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Summary:	In this study Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) data recorded from mouse mammary glands cancer cells (4T1 cell line) was used to assess information regarding differences between control, death and viable cells after Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) treatment. The treatment used nanoemulsions (NE/PS) loaded with different chloroaluminumphthalocyanine (ClAlP) photosensitizer (PS) contents (5 and 10 µmol × L −1 ) and illumination (660 nm wavelength) at 10 J × cm −2 (10 minutes). The SERS data revealed significant molecular alterations in proteins and lipids due to the PDT treatment. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was applied to analyze the data recorded. Three-dimensional and well reproductive PCA scatter plots were obtained, revealing that two clusters of dead cells were well separated from one another and from control cluster. Overlap between two clusters of viable cells was observed, though well separated from control cluster. Moreover, the data analysis also pointed out necrosis as the main cell death mechanism induced by the PDT, in agreement with the literature. Finally, Raman modes peaking at 608 cm −1 (proteins) and 1231 cm −1 (lipids) can be selected for follow up of survival rate of neoplastic cells after PDT. We envisage that this finding is key to contribute to a quick development of quantitative infrared thermography imaging.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23
ISSN:	2045-2322 2045-2322
DOI:	10.1038/s41598-017-07469-1