Role of syntaxin3 an apical polarity protein in poorly polarized keratinocytes: regulation of asymmetric barrier formations in the skin epidermis

Role of syntaxin3 an apical polarity protein in poorly polarized keratinocytes: regulation of asymmetric barrier formations in the skin epidermis

The skin epidermis exhibits an asymmetric structure composed of multilayered keratinocytes and those in the outer layers form two-way physical barriers, cornified cell envelope (CCE), and tight junctions (TJs). While undifferentiated keratinocytes in the basal layer continuously deliver daughter cel...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Cell and tissue research Vol. 393; no. 3; pp. 523 - 535
Main Authors: Hayashi, Kaho, Nozaki, Sae, Tokushima, Kanako, Tanaka, Fumika, Hirai, Yohei
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Berlin/Heidelberg Springer Berlin Heidelberg 01-09-2023
Springer
Springer Nature B.V
Subjects:
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Biomedicine
Cell death
Cell differentiation
Epidermis
Epithelial cells
Human Genetics
Hydrogen peroxide
Keratinocytes
Molecular Medicine
Neomycin
Oxidative stress
Polarity
Proteins
Proteomics
Regular Article
Skin
SNAP receptors
Tight junctions
Cornified cell envelope
Epidermis
Tight junction
Epimorphin
Syntaxin3
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Summary:The skin epidermis exhibits an asymmetric structure composed of multilayered keratinocytes and those in the outer layers form two-way physical barriers, cornified cell envelope (CCE), and tight junctions (TJs). While undifferentiated keratinocytes in the basal layer continuously deliver daughter cells outward, which undergo successive differentiation with losing their polarized characteristics, they retain the expression of several polarity proteins. In the present study, we revealed that the t-SNARE protein syntaxin3, a critical element for the formation of the apical compartment in simple epithelial cells, is required to confer the ability to organize the physical barriers on “poorly polarized” keratinocytes in epidermal outer layers. HaCaT keratinocytes with genetic ablation of syntaxin3 readily succumbed to hydrogen peroxide-induced cell death. Additionally, they lost the ability to organize TJ and CCE structures, accompanied by notable downregulation of transglutaminase1 and caspase14 (a cornification regulator) expression. These syntaxin3-knockout cells appeared to restore oxidative stress tolerance and functional TJ formation ability, in response to the inducible re-expression of exogenous syntaxin3. While plausible mechanisms underlying these phenomena remain unclear, syntaxin3, an apical polarity protein in the simple epithelia, has emerged as a potentially crucial element for barrier formation in poorly polarized keratinocytes in polarized epidermal tissue.
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ISSN:0302-766X
1432-0878
DOI:10.1007/s00441-023-03798-y