A new model of cortical stroke in the rhesus macaque

Primate models are essential tools for translational research in stroke but are reportedly inconsistent in their ability to produce cortical infarcts of reproducible size. Here, we report a new stroke model using a transorbital, reversible, two-vessel occlusion approach in male rhesus macaques that...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism Vol. 29; no. 6; pp. 1175 - 1186
Main Authors:	West, G Alexander, Golshani, Kiarash J, Doyle, Kristian P, Lessov, Nikola S, Hobbs, Theodore R, Kohama, Steven G, Pike, Martin M, Kroenke, Christopher D, Grafe, Marjorie R, Spector, Maxwell D, Tobar, Eric T, Simon, Roger P, Stenzel-Poore, Mary P
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	London, England SAGE Publications 01-06-2009 Nature Publishing Group Sage Publications Ltd
Subjects:	Animals Benzoxazines Biological and medical sciences Brain Ischemia - blood Brain Ischemia - pathology Brain Ischemia - surgery Disease Models, Animal Headache. Facial pains. Syncopes. Epilepsia. Intracranial hypertension. Brain oedema. Cerebral palsy Macaca mulatta - surgery Magnetic Resonance Imaging Male Medical sciences Nervous system (semeiology, syndromes) Neurology Oxazines Vascular diseases and vascular malformations of the nervous system rhesus macaque nonhuman primate MRI stroke cerebral ischemia neurologic deficit Stroke Nervous system diseases Cardiovascular disease Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging Cerebral disorder Vascular disease Vertebrata Mammalia Central nervous system disease Brain ischemia Primates Cerebrovascular disease
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Summary:	Primate models are essential tools for translational research in stroke but are reportedly inconsistent in their ability to produce cortical infarcts of reproducible size. Here, we report a new stroke model using a transorbital, reversible, two-vessel occlusion approach in male rhesus macaques that produces consistent and reproducible cortical infarcts. The right middle cerebral artery (distal to the orbitofrontal branch) and both anterior cerebral arteries were occluded with vascular clips. Bilateral occlusion of the anterior cerebral artery was critical for reducing collateral flow to the ipsilateral cortex. Reversible ischemia was induced for 45, 60, or 90 mins (n = 2/timepoint) and infarct volume and neurologic outcome were evaluated. The infarcts were located predominantly in the cortex and increased in size with extended duration of ischemia determined by T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging. Infarct volume measured by 2,3,5-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride and cresyl violet staining corroborated magnetic resonance imaging results. Neurologic deficit scores worsened gradually with longer occlusion times. A subset of animals (n = 5) underwent 60 mins of ischemia resulting in consistent infarct volumes primarily located to the cortex that correlated well with neurologic deficit scores. This approach offers promise for evaluating therapeutic interventions in stroke.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23
ISSN:	0271-678X 1559-7016
DOI:	10.1038/jcbfm.2009.43