Epidemiological profile of urinary and intestinal schistosomiasis in the kingdom of Saudi Arabia: A seven-year retrospective study

Epidemiological profile of urinary and intestinal schistosomiasis in the kingdom of Saudi Arabia: A seven-year retrospective study

Background: Despite the marked decline of schistosomiasis in Saudi Arabia in recent years, it is still reported in several regions. This study investigates the epidemiology of schistosomiasis in Saudi Arabia over seven years (2014-2020). Methodology: A retrospective study was retrieved from the annu...

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Published in:Tropical medicine and infectious disease Vol. 9; no. 1; pp. 1 - 11
Main Authors: Zrieq, Rafat, Alzain, Mohamed Ali, Ali, Reem M, Alazzeh, Awfa Y, Tirawi, Anas O, Attili, Rozan, Acar, Tolgahan, Haouas, Najoua
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Basel, Switzerland MDPI 01-01-2024
MDPI AG
Subjects:
Analysis
Chi-square test
Control
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
Enzymes
Epidemiology
Expatriates
Geographic information systems
health facility report
Infections
Investigations
Microscopy
Mollusks
Parasitic diseases
Prevention
S. haematobium
S. mansoni
Saudi Arabia
Schistosoma haematobium
Schistosoma mansoni
Schistosomiasis
Snails
Snails as carriers of disease
Tropical diseases
Urine
Saudi Arabia
Red Sea
Iraq
Riyadh Saudi Arabia
Yemen
Saudi Arabia
S. haematobium
health facility report
schistosomiasis
S. mansoni
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Summary:Background: Despite the marked decline of schistosomiasis in Saudi Arabia in recent years, it is still reported in several regions. This study investigates the epidemiology of schistosomiasis in Saudi Arabia over seven years (2014-2020). Methodology: A retrospective study was retrieved from the annual reports of the Ministry of Health. A Geographic Information System GIS, Chi-square, and logistic regression were used to analyze the data. Results: Out of the 4,371,481 tested, 680 cases were positive for schistosomiasis, with a cumulative incidence rate of 2.155/100,000 population. This number showed significant variation over the study period (p value < 0.001). The highest number of cases detected in 2015 was almost 2-fold (OR equivalent 1.93; 95%CI: 1.36-2.74) higher than in 2020. Both clinical forms (urinary and intestinal schistosomiasis) exist in Saudi Arabia (79.6% and 20.4% of all schistosomiasis cases, respectively). Schistosomiasis was reported in seven out of thirteen regions. Among them, Mecca has a relatively high number of cases (OR equivalent 5.57; 95%CI: 2.49-12.47). Conversely, the Eastern Province has a low number of cases (OR equivalent 0.09; 95%CI: 0.02-0.39) when compared to the Najran region (p value > 0.001). Regarding the distribution of schistosomiasis cases by gender and nationality, we noticed that most of the positive cases were found among males (70.6%) and expatriates (83.6%). Conclusions: The persistence of schistosomiasis and the disparity in the demographic factors underscores the imperative for intensified and integrative One Health interventions to combat this disease in Saudi Arabia.
Bibliography:Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease, Vol. 9, No. 1, Jan 2024, 1-11
Informit, Melbourne (Vic)
ObjectType-Article-1
SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
ObjectType-Feature-2
content type line 23
ISSN:2414-6366
2414-6366
DOI:10.3390/tropicalmed9010011