Macroalgal eukaryotic microbiome composition indicates novel phylogenetic diversity and broad host spectrum of oomycete pathogens

Seaweeds are important components of marine ecosystems with emerging potential in aquaculture and as sources of biofuel, food products and pharmacological compounds. However, an increasingly recognised threat to natural and industrial seaweed populations is infection with parasitic single‐celled euk...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Environmental microbiology Vol. 26; no. 6; pp. e16656 - n/a
Main Authors:	Timanikova, Natalia, Fletcher, Kyle, Han, Jon‐Wong, West, Pieter, Woodward, Steve, Kim, Gwang‐Hoon, Küpper, Frithjof C., Wenzel, Marius
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Hoboken, USA John Wiley & Sons, Inc 01-06-2024 Wiley Subscription Services, Inc
Subjects:	Algae Aquaculture Biodiversity Biofuels Composition Cosmopolitan species Diatoms Environmental conditions Eukaryota - classification Eukaryota - genetics Eukaryotes Food sources Gene sequencing Genetic diversity Genetic Variation Geographical locations Geography Haplotypes Host specificity Marine ecosystems Microbiomes Microbiota - genetics Oomycetes - classification Oomycetes - genetics Pathogens Phylogenetics Phylogeny RNA, Ribosomal, 18S - genetics rRNA 18S Seaweed - microbiology Seaweeds Symbiosis
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Summary:	Seaweeds are important components of marine ecosystems with emerging potential in aquaculture and as sources of biofuel, food products and pharmacological compounds. However, an increasingly recognised threat to natural and industrial seaweed populations is infection with parasitic single‐celled eukaryotes from the relatively understudied oomycete lineage. Here we examine the eukaryomes of diverse brown, red and green marine macroalgae collected from polar (Baffin Island), cold‐temperate (Falkland Islands) and tropical (Ascension Island) locations, with a focus on oomycete and closely related diatom taxa. Using 18S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, we show unexpected genetic and taxonomic diversity of the eukaryomes, a strong broad‐brush association between eukaryome composition and geographic location, and some evidence of association between eukaryome structure and macroalgal phylogenetic relationships (phylosymbiosis). However, the oomycete fraction of the eukaryome showed disparate patterns of diversity and structure, highlighting much weaker association with geography and no evidence of phylosymbiosis. We present several novel haplotypes of the most common oomycete Eurychasma dicksonii and report for the first time a cosmopolitan distribution and absence of host specificity of this important pathogen. This indicates rich diversity in macroalgal oomycete pathogens and highlights that these pathogens may be generalist and highly adaptable to diverse environmental conditions. In this study, we provide the first overview of the diversity and composition of oomycete and diatom symbiont communities in brown, red and green seaweeds collected from the subarctic, sub‐Antarctic and tropical parts of the Atlantic Ocean. We show unexpectedly high phylogenetic diversity in oomycete communities and that key pathogens (e.g., Eurychasma dicksonii) have cosmopolitan distributions and affect all three phylogenetic groups of seaweeds.
Bibliography:	Natalia Timanikova, Kyle Fletcher, Frithjof C. Küpper and Marius Wenzel contributed equally to this study. ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23
ISSN:	1462-2912 1462-2920
DOI:	10.1111/1462-2920.16656