Recycled paper–paperboard for food contact materials: Contaminants suspected and migration into foods and food simulant

•Contaminant residues in food packaging pose a threat for consumers.•Seventeen paperboard packaging were analysed for presence of organic contaminants.•Bisphenol A was the only substance present in all paper and paperboard samples.•Bisphenol A has the lowest migration quotients from paperboard to fo...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Food chemistry Vol. 141; no. 4; pp. 4146 - 4151
Main Authors:	Suciu, Nicoleta A., Tiberto, Francesca, Vasileiadis, Sotirios, Lamastra, Lucrezia, Trevisan, Marco
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Kidlington Elsevier Ltd 15-12-2013 Elsevier
Subjects:	Benzhydryl Compounds - analysis Biological and medical sciences Bisphenol A Consumer Product Safety Contact Contaminants Dry food Drying Ethylene Glycols - analysis Food Contamination - analysis Food packaging Food Packaging - instrumentation Food Packaging - standards Food simulant Food toxicology Foods Medical sciences Migration Paper - standards Phenols - analysis Phthalic Acids - analysis Polymers - analysis Quotients Recycled Recycled paper Recycling Toxicology Dry food Food simulant Bisphenol A Food packaging Recycled paper Migration Packaging Endocrine disruptor Contaminant Food
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Summary:	•Contaminant residues in food packaging pose a threat for consumers.•Seventeen paperboard packaging were analysed for presence of organic contaminants.•Bisphenol A was the only substance present in all paper and paperboard samples.•Bisphenol A has the lowest migration quotients from paperboard to foods/food simulant.•Tenax® food simulant simulates well contaminants migration from board to dry foods. Contaminant residues in food packaging is a new challenge of our time, as it may pose a threat for consumers. Higher levels of contaminants were observed in food packaging made by recycled materials, even if little information is available for some groups of contaminants. The present study proposes a procedure for analyzing three different groups of organic contaminants in recycled paper and paperboard. Seventeen commercial samples were analyzed for the presence of bisphenol A (BPA), bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), nonylphenol monoethoxylate (NMP) and nonylphenol di-ethoxilate (NDP). Not all the samples contained all the contaminants; BPA was the only substance present in all the samples. The concentrations detected were quite high and, in most of the cases, in agreement with results reported in previous studies. Substance migration tests from spiked/non-spiked samples for two dry foods and Tenax® food simulant were undertaken. BPA migration quotients were always lower than 1%, whereas the migration quotients of DEHP were higher than 2.0%. The highest nonylphenols migration quotients were 6.5% for NMP and 8.2% for NDP. Tenax® simulates well the contaminants migration from paperboard to dry food, in some cases being even more severe than the food.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 ObjectType-Article-2 ObjectType-Feature-1
ISSN:	0308-8146 1873-7072
DOI:	10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.07.014