Avian influenza virus isolated in wild waterfowl in Argentina: Evidence of a potentially unique phylogenetic lineage in South America

Abstract Avian influenza (AI) viruses have been sporadically isolated in South America. The most recent reports are from an outbreak in commercial poultry in Chile in 2002 and its putative ancestor from a wild bird in Bolivia in 2001. Extensive surveillance in wild birds was carried out in Argentina...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Virology (New York, N.Y.) Vol. 378; no. 2; pp. 363 - 370
Main Authors:	Pereda, Ariel J, Uhart, Marcela, Perez, Alberto A, Zaccagnini, María E, La Sala, Luciano, Decarre, Julieta, Goijman, Andrea, Solari, Laura, Suarez, Romina, Craig, María I, Vagnozzi, Ariel, Rimondi, Agustina, König, Guido, Terrera, María V, Kaloghlian, Analía, Song, Haichen, Sorrell, Erin M, Perez, Daniel R
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	United States Elsevier Inc 01-09-2008
Subjects:	Animals Argentina Avian influenza Avian influenza virus Birds - virology Cloaca - virology Evolution Evolution, Molecular H13N9 Infectious Disease Influenza A virus Influenza A virus - classification Influenza A virus - genetics Influenza A virus - isolation & purification Influenza in Birds - virology Kelp gull Larus Larus dominicanus Marine Molecular characterization Molecular Sequence Data Phylogeny Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction - methods RNA, Viral - genetics Sequence Analysis, DNA Sequence Homology South America Waterfowl wild birds Argentina PSW, Argentina Bolivia ISE, Chile AS, South Atlantic Avian influenza South America Argentina Waterfowl Kelp gull H13N9 Evolution Molecular characterization
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Summary:	Abstract Avian influenza (AI) viruses have been sporadically isolated in South America. The most recent reports are from an outbreak in commercial poultry in Chile in 2002 and its putative ancestor from a wild bird in Bolivia in 2001. Extensive surveillance in wild birds was carried out in Argentina during 2006–2007. Using RRT-PCR, 12 AI positive detections were made from cloacal swabs. One of those positive samples yielded an AI virus isolated from a wild kelp gull ( Larus dominicanus ) captured in the South Atlantic coastline of Argentina. Further characterization by nucleotide sequencing reveals that it belongs to the H13N9 subtype. Phylogenetic analysis of the 8 viral genes suggests that the 6 internal genes are related to the isolates from Chile and Bolivia. The analysis also indicates that a cluster of phylogenetically related AI viruses from South America may have evolved independently, with minimal gene exchange, from influenza viruses in other latitudes. The data produced from our investigations are valuable contributions to the study of AI viruses in South America.
Bibliography:	http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.virol.2008.06.010 ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23
ISSN:	0042-6822 1096-0341
DOI:	10.1016/j.virol.2008.06.010