The Contribution of Geogenic Particulate Matter to Lung Disease in Indigenous Children

Indigenous children have much higher rates of ear and lung disease than non-Indigenous children, which may be related to exposure to high levels of geogenic (earth-derived) particulate matter (PM). The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between dust levels and health in Indigenous chil...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	International journal of environmental research and public health Vol. 16; no. 15; p. 2636
Main Authors:	Shepherd, Carrington C J, Clifford, Holly D, Mitrou, Francis, Melody, Shannon M, Bennett, Ellen J, Johnston, Fay H, Knibbs, Luke D, Pereira, Gavin, Pickering, Janessa L, Teo, Teck H, Kirkham, Lea-Ann S, Thornton, Ruth B, Kicic, Anthony, Ling, Kak-Ming, Alach, Zachary, Lester, Matthew, Franklin, Peter, Reid, David, Zosky, Graeme R
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Switzerland MDPI AG 24-07-2019 MDPI
Subjects:	Additives Adolescent Air Pollutants - analysis Air Pollutants - toxicity Asthma Bacteria Bacterial infections Caregivers Cell Adhesion - drug effects Cell culture Cell Line Child Child, Preschool Confidence intervals Dust Ear Diseases - epidemiology Environmental health Epithelial cells Epithelial Cells - drug effects Epithelial Cells - metabolism Epithelial Cells - virology Ethics Exposure Gastrointestinal diseases Gentamicin Haemophilus influenzae Hay fever Health surveys Hospitals Humans Indigenous Peoples - statistics & numerical data Infant Infant, Newborn Infections Infectious diseases Interleukin-8 - metabolism Iron oxides Lung diseases Multiplicity of infection Native peoples Odds Ratio Particulate emissions Particulate matter Particulate Matter - analysis Particulate Matter - toxicity Penicillin Population number Regression analysis Respiratory tract Respiratory Tract Diseases - epidemiology Revegetation Statistical analysis Streptomycin Studies Western Australia - epidemiology Western Australia Australia Western Australia Australia particulate matter geogenic child health bacterial infection Indigenous
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Summary:	Indigenous children have much higher rates of ear and lung disease than non-Indigenous children, which may be related to exposure to high levels of geogenic (earth-derived) particulate matter (PM). The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between dust levels and health in Indigenous children in Western Australia (W.A.). Data were from a population-based sample of 1077 Indigenous children living in 66 remote communities of W.A. (>2,000,000 km ), with information on health outcomes derived from carer reports and hospitalisation records. Associations between dust levels and health outcomes were assessed by multivariate logistic regression in a multi-level framework. We assessed the effect of exposure to community sampled PM on epithelial cell (NuLi-1) responses to non-typeable (NTHi) in vitro. High dust levels were associated with increased odds of hospitalisation for upper (OR 1.77 95% CI [1.02-3.06]) and lower (OR 1.99 95% CI [1.08-3.68]) respiratory tract infections and ear disease (OR 3.06 95% CI [1.20-7.80]). Exposure to PM enhanced NTHi adhesion and invasion of epithelial cells and impaired IL-8 production. Exposure to geogenic PM may be contributing to the poor respiratory health of disadvantaged communities in arid environments where geogenic PM levels are high.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 Contributed equally to the manuscript.
ISSN:	1660-4601 1661-7827 1660-4601
DOI:	10.3390/ijerph16152636