Sex-dependent variables in the modulation of postalimentary lipemia

To quantify in young adults the sex-dependent differences in lipemic responses to a fat meal, we measured the association of these responses with markers of atherosclerosis and determined their metabolic regulators. Forty-nine normolipidemic volunteers, 25 women and 24 men, were matched according to...

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Published in:	Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif.) Vol. 22; no. 1; pp. 9 - 15
Main Authors:	Tentor, Juliana, Harada, Lila Mina, Nakamura, Rui T., Gidlund, Magnus, Castilho, Lúcia Nassi, de Faria, Eliana Cotta
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	New York, NY Elsevier Inc 2006 Elsevier Elsevier Limited
Subjects:	Adult age Age Factors apolipoproteins Apolipoproteins - blood Apolipoproteins E - analysis Area Under Curve Arteriosclerosis - blood Arteriosclerosis - epidemiology Arteriosclerosis - etiology Atherosclerosis autoantibodies Autoantibodies - blood Autoantibodies to epitopes of oxidized low-density lipoprotein Biological and medical sciences biomarkers Biomarkers - blood blood lipids Blood pressure Body Mass Index Cardiovascular disease Cardiovascular diseases carotid arteries Carotid intima-media thickness cholesteremic effect Cholesterol Cholesterol - blood cholesterol metabolism diastolic blood pressure Diet dietary fat Dietary Fats - administration & dosage Dietary Fats - metabolism Esters experimental diets fat intake Fatty acids Feeding. Feeding behavior Female free fatty acids Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Gender differences haptens high density lipoprotein Humans hypercholesterolemia Insulin Insulin - blood low density lipoprotein Male men Middle Aged Multivariate Analysis phenotype phospholipids Phospholipids - blood physical activity Postalimentary lipoprotein metabolism Proteins Risk Factors Sex Sex Factors systolic blood pressure thermic effect of food triacylglycerols Triglycerides - blood Tunica Intima - anatomy & histology Tunica Intima - pathology Vertebrates: anatomy and physiology, studies on body, several organs or systems waist circumference Waist-Hip Ratio women Young adults Autoantibodies to epitopes of oxidized low-density lipoprotein Sex Atherosclerosis Carotid intima-media thickness Postalimentary lipoprotein metabolism Autoimmunity Antigenic determinant Autoantibody Media Cardiovascular disease Metabolism Artery Vascular disease Thickness Lipoprotein LDL Vertebrata Lipemia Mammalia Blood vessel Carotid Modulation Circulatory system
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Summary:	To quantify in young adults the sex-dependent differences in lipemic responses to a fat meal, we measured the association of these responses with markers of atherosclerosis and determined their metabolic regulators. Forty-nine normolipidemic volunteers, 25 women and 24 men, were matched according to age, body mass index, waist circumference, diet, physical activity, and apolipoprotein-E phenotyping. After receiving a standardized fat meal (40 g of fat/m 2 of body surface area), serial blood samples were drawn for laboratory analysis. Common carotid intima-media thickness was measured. The lipemic responses were much greater in men than in women for plasma triacylglycerol (TAG), cholesterol, and TAG in TAG-rich lipoproteins, non-esterified fatty acids, phospholipids, and apolipoprotein-B100. Men presented with increased blood pressure, carotid intima-media thickness, TAG, hepatic lipase, and insulin and lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, apolipoprotein-AI, and non-esterified fatty acid concentrations. Only in men did carotid intima-media thickness correlate marginally with titers of autoantibodies to epitopes of oxidized low-density lipoprotein; in addition, phospholipids and cholesteryl esters were negatively related to autoantibodies. Multivariate analysis indicated that age ( R 2 = 45%), waist circumference ( R 2 = 19%), phospholipids ( R 2 = 39%), non-esterified fatty acids ( R 2 = 29%), insulin ( R 2 = 17%), lipoprotein lipase activity ( R 2 = 16%), and cholesteryl ester transfer protein (an exploratory variable; R 2 = 6%) are strong determinants of postalimentary lipemia in women and that only insulin ( R 2 = 55%) and phospholipids ( R 2 = 37%) are determinants in men. We have provided data explaining that postalimentary lipemia is differently regulated by sex. Several risk factors for coronary heart disease and significant associations with atherosclerosis biomarkers were found only in men.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23
ISSN:	0899-9007 1873-1244
DOI:	10.1016/j.nut.2005.05.004