Distribution and regulation of galanin receptor 1 messenger RNA in the forebrain of wild type and galanin-transgenic mice

To learn more about molecular alterations in the brain that occur as a consequence of either the chronic excess or absence of peptide neurotransmitters, we examined the impact of genetically manipulating the neuropeptide galanin on the expression of one of its cognate receptors, galanin receptor 1....

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Published in:	Neuroscience Vol. 117; no. 1; pp. 105 - 117
Main Authors:	Hohmann, J.G, Jureus, A, Teklemichael, D.N, Matsumoto, A.M, Clifton, D.K, Steiner, R.A
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Oxford Elsevier Ltd 01-01-2003 Elsevier
Subjects:	Animals Biological and medical sciences Central nervous system Central neurotransmission. Neuromudulation. Pathways and receptors Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology galanin hypothalamus knockout Male Mice Mice, Inbred C57BL Mice, Knockout Mice, Transgenic mouse Prosencephalon - chemistry Prosencephalon - metabolism receptor Receptors, Galanin Receptors, Neuropeptide - analysis Receptors, Neuropeptide - biosynthesis Receptors, Neuropeptide - deficiency Receptors, Neuropeptide - genetics RNA, Messenger - analysis RNA, Messenger - biosynthesis transgenic Vertebrates: nervous system and sense organs HDB PVN 6-OHDA mRNA bp mouse GALKO CA1 GALR2 GALR1 NPY PeN transgenic DHBA WT knockout GALTG galanin DMN cRNA EDTA receptor VMN aCSF hypothalamus Galanin Rodentia Central nervous system Transgenic animal Hypothalamus Neuropeptide Prosencephalon Vertebrata Mammalia Mouse Distribution Peptidergic receptor Brain (vertebrata)
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Summary:	To learn more about molecular alterations in the brain that occur as a consequence of either the chronic excess or absence of peptide neurotransmitters, we examined the impact of genetically manipulating the neuropeptide galanin on the expression of one of its cognate receptors, galanin receptor 1. First, we examined the distribution of galanin receptor 1 messenger RNA in the mouse forebrain, and found it to be abundantly expressed in many brain regions, including in numerous hypothalamic and other forebrain regions associated with neuroendocrine function. The distribution of galanin receptor 1 messenger RNA in the mouse was similar to previous reports in the rat, with additional expression noted in the caudate putamen and in several midbrain regions. Next, using quantitative in situ hybridization, we measured cellular levels of galanin receptor 1 messenger RNA in the brains of mice that either overexpress galanin (galanin transgenic) or lack a functional galanin gene (galanin knockout). We report that relative to wild-type controls, the expression of galanin receptor 1 messenger RNA was increased in discrete areas of the brain in galanin-transgenic mice, but that depletion of galanin/noradrenergic innervation to the hypothalamus with the neurotoxin 6-hydroxydopamine did not alter levels of galanin receptor 1 messenger RNA. We also report that levels of galanin receptor 1 messenger RNA were not different between galanin-knockout and wild-type mice. These results suggest that compensatory adjustments in the expression of cognate receptors represent one mechanism by which the developing nervous system attempts to maintain homeostasis in response to overexpression of a peptidergic transmitter. However, the lack of significant changes in galanin receptor 1 messenger RNA in galanin-knockout mice suggests that developmentally programmed levels of receptor expression are maintained even in the complete absence of ligand.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-2 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-1 content type line 23
ISSN:	0306-4522 1873-7544
DOI:	10.1016/S0306-4522(02)00798-4