Probiotic supplementation containing Bacillus velezensis enhances expression of immune regulatory genes against pigeon circovirus in pigeons (Columba livia)

Probiotic supplementation containing Bacillus velezensis enhances expression of immune regulatory genes against pigeon circovirus in pigeons (Columba livia)

Aims In this study, we aimed to isolate and evaluate the efficacy of Bacillus velezensis as a probiotic and to assess its activity towards pigeons infected with pigeon circovirus (PiCV). Methods and Results Bacillus velezensis, isolated from pigeon faeces, was orally administered to pigeons for 60 d...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of applied microbiology Vol. 130; no. 5; pp. 1695 - 1704
Main Authors: Tsai, C.‐Y., Hu, S.‐Y., Santos, H.M., Catulin, G.E.M., Tayo, L.L., Chuang, K.P.
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: England Oxford University Press 01-05-2021
Subjects:
Animals
Antiviral Agents - pharmacology
Bacillus
Bacillus velezensis
Bird Diseases - immunology
Bird Diseases - virology
Birds
Circoviridae Infections - immunology
Circoviridae Infections - veterinary
Circovirus - drug effects
Circovirus - immunology
Columbidae - genetics
Columbidae - immunology
Columbidae - virology
Cytokines - genetics
Cytokines - metabolism
Dietary Supplements - microbiology
DNA, Viral
Feces
Feces - microbiology
Gene expression
Gene Expression Regulation
Genes
Immune response
Immune system
Immunity, Innate - genetics
indicator genes
Innate immunity
Interferon
Interferon-gamma
Interleukins
Myxovirus resistance proteins
Oral administration
pigeon circovirus
Pigeons
probiotic supplementation
Probiotics
Probiotics - pharmacology
Spleen
Stat1 protein
Supplements
TLR2 protein
TLR4 protein
Toll-like receptors
Transcription factors
Transducers
Viral Load
indicator genes
pigeons
pigeon circovirus
probiotic supplementation
Bacillus velezensis
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Summary:Aims In this study, we aimed to isolate and evaluate the efficacy of Bacillus velezensis as a probiotic and to assess its activity towards pigeons infected with pigeon circovirus (PiCV). Methods and Results Bacillus velezensis, isolated from pigeon faeces, was orally administered to pigeons for 60 days. After pigeons were challenged with PiCV, the PiCV viral load and expression of indicator genes for innate immunity were detected in spleen tissue and faeces of pigeons. Bacillus velezensis significantly reduced the PiCV viral load in the faeces and spleen of pigeons 5 days post‐challenge (dpc). The mRNA expression levels of treated pigeons showed that interferon‐gamma (IFN‐γ), myxovirus resistance 1 (Mx1), and signal transducers and activators of transcription 1 (STAT1) genes were upregulated, whereas no expression of interleukin‐4 (IL‐4) was detected. Moreover, toll‐like receptor 2 (TLR2) and 4 (TLR4) were significantly upregulated in probiotic‐treated pigeons (P < 0·05). Conclusions This is the first report showing that probiotic supplementation can effectively enhance the T‐helper type 1 immune response and decrease the PiCV viral loads in pigeons. Significance and Impact of the Study This study proposes that the administration of a probiotic strain, B. velezensis, to pigeons can protect against PiCV infection.
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ISSN:1364-5072
1365-2672
DOI:10.1111/jam.14893