Activity‐Guided Isolation of Cytotoxic Non‐Glycosidic Ester Iridoids from Valeriana alliariifolia Adams and Unravelling Their Cell Death Mechanisms

The aim of this study was to isolate the cytotoxic compounds from V. alliariifolia via activity‐guided isolation and to determine the mechanism of actions of the most potent ones. The crude EtOH extract as well as CHCl3 and AcOEt subextracts demonstrated remarkable cytotoxic activities against A549,...

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Published in:	Chemistry & biodiversity Vol. 19; no. 10; pp. e202200659 - n/a
Main Authors:	Erdoğan, Murat, Aru, Başak, Tayğun, Umut Can, Şimşek, Ceren, Yeşilada, Erdem, Yanıkkaya‐Demirel, Gülderen, Kırmızıbekmez, Hasan
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Weinheim Wiley Subscription Services, Inc 01-10-2022
Subjects:	Anticancer properties Antitumor agents Apoptosis Cancer Caprifoliaceae Cell cycle Cell death Chemical compounds Chloroform cytotoxic activity Cytotoxicity In vivo methods and tests Lignans Metabolites Natural products necrosis and autophagy NMR non-glycosidic ester iridoids Nuclear magnetic resonance Phenylpropanoids Secondary metabolites Tumor cell lines Valeriana alliariifolia
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Summary:	The aim of this study was to isolate the cytotoxic compounds from V. alliariifolia via activity‐guided isolation and to determine the mechanism of actions of the most potent ones. The crude EtOH extract as well as CHCl3 and AcOEt subextracts demonstrated remarkable cytotoxic activities against A549, MCF7, HGC27 and PC3 cancer cells. Sequential chromatographic separations on active subextracts yielded 14 secondary metabolites, including 11 iridoids (1–11) most of which belong to non‐glycosidic ester iridoids, two phenylpropanoids (12 and 13) and one lignan (14). The chemical structures of purified compounds were elucidated by NMR and MS analysis. Among the isolates, 7‐deisovaleroylvaltrate (3) was isolated for the first time as a natural product. According to the cytotoxic assay compounds, 2, 4–6 and 8 were found to be the potent cytotoxic compounds (IC50 <10 μM) against at least one of the tested cancer cell lines. Thus, 2, 4–6 and 8 were investigated for their effects on apoptotic, necrotic and autophagic pathways as well as cell cycle progression. They exerted anticancer activities by inducing different cell death mechanisms depending on the cancer cells. The results demonstrated that 2, 4–6 and 8 could be potential anticancer drug leads that deserve further in vivo and clinical studies on the way to discover novel natural compounds with anticancer properties.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23
ISSN:	1612-1872 1612-1880
DOI:	10.1002/cbdv.202200659