Integrated coastal zone management to protect the Sarawak shoreline

Integrated coastal zone management to protect the Sarawak shoreline

Coastal erosion along Sarawak shoreline is getting serious in recent years due to the impact of climate change and global warming. Strong waves had washed away the land along the shore or beach and thus threatens the infrastructures that were constructed along Sarawak shoreline. Department of Irriga...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of coastal conservation Vol. 25; no. 5
Main Authors: Kuok, King Kuok, Tay, Ying Ying Sharon, Chiu, Po Chan
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Dordrecht Springer Netherlands 01-10-2021
Springer Nature B.V
Subjects:
Armor
Breakers
Breakwaters
Climate change
Coastal erosion
Coastal management
Coastal Sciences
Coastal zone
Coastal zone management
Coastal zones
Concrete blocks
Design
Design wind speed
Earth and Environmental Science
Economics
Environmental impact
Geography
Geotechnical fabrics
Global warming
Nature Conservation
Oceanography
Protection
Regions
Remote Sensing/Photogrammetry
Rock
Rocks
Sea level changes
Sea level rise
Sea walls
Shore protection
Shoreline protection
Shorelines
Slope gradients
Tubes
Water springs
Wave height
Wave period
Waves
Wind
Wind speed
Sarawak Malaysia
Malaysia
Integrated coastal zone management (ICZM)
Hudson’s formula
Armour rocks
Shoreline protection
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Summary:Coastal erosion along Sarawak shoreline is getting serious in recent years due to the impact of climate change and global warming. Strong waves had washed away the land along the shore or beach and thus threatens the infrastructures that were constructed along Sarawak shoreline. Department of Irrigation and Drainage had adopted many methods to protect the shoreline including seawalls, breakwaters, geotextile tubes, concrete mass Labuan blocks, amour rocks and etc. The cheapest and most economic protection method is using armour rock. Besides, amour rock was found to be strong, durable, long-lasting, able to absorb and dissipate the waves before hitting on the shore. However, appropriate size of amour rocks to protect the shore is unknown. Therefore, this research is carried out to determine the appropriate armour rocks sizes for protecting the shoreline against the waves along Sarawak shoreline. The design methodologies are including determination of tidal levels, design wind speed, wind set-up, wave period, sea level rise, wave set-up, breaker height and lastly design armour rock sizes range. Shoreline Protection Manual and Hudson’s formula were adopted in this research to determine the appropriate sizes range of armour rocks. The study area was subdivided into 7 regions. Results revealed that southern part of Sarawak shorelines requires larger armour rock sizes compared to the northern region. The nominal size ranges of armour rocks for regions 1 and 2 are found to be 2112 mm, 1734 mm for region 3, and 1173 mm for regions 4, 5, 6 and 7. Results also revealed that the required armour rock sizes increase with the increment of Mean High Water Spring, nearshore slope gradients and structure slope. Besides, results also concluded that smaller amours rocks is sufficient to react against smaller waves, while bigger waves required bigger rocks for protecting the shoreline.
ISSN:1400-0350
1874-7841
DOI:10.1007/s11852-021-00835-2