The Impact of Nutritional Components on Periodontal Health: A Literature Review

The Impact of Nutritional Components on Periodontal Health: A Literature Review

Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease driven by the accumulation of bacterial plaque and the host’s immune response, leading to the destruction of periodontal tissues. Nutrition, particularly the intake of micronutrients with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, plays a crucial ro...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Nutrients Vol. 16; no. 22; p. 3901
Main Authors: Berg, Yarden, Gabay, Eran, Božić, Darko, Shibli, Jamil Awad, Ginesin, Ofir, Asbi, Thabet, Takakura, Leila, Mayer, Yaniv
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Basel MDPI AG 15-11-2024
MDPI
Subjects:
Diet
Dietary minerals
Fatty acids
Free radicals
Fruits
Gum disease
Immune system
Inflammation
Nutrients
Nutrition research
Oxidative stress
Pathogens
Physiology
Review
Vegetables
Vitamin A
Vitamin B
Vitamin C
Wound healing
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Summary:Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease driven by the accumulation of bacterial plaque and the host’s immune response, leading to the destruction of periodontal tissues. Nutrition, particularly the intake of micronutrients with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, plays a crucial role in maintaining periodontal health. This review explores the impact of various micronutrients—vitamins (A, B, C, D, E), minerals (calcium, iron, zinc, potassium, copper, manganese, selenium), and omega-3 fatty acids—on periodontal disease prevention and management. Deficiencies in these nutrients can exacerbate periodontal tissue damage by impairing immune responses, promoting oxidative stress, and reducing bone and tissue regeneration capabilities. While certain populations may be more vulnerable to these deficiencies, such as those following Western diets or living in low- and middle-income countries, even in developed nations, suboptimal nutrient intake is associated with worse periodontal outcomes. Although some studies suggest that supplementation of specific micronutrients may benefit periodontal therapy, the evidence remains inconclusive, necessitating further randomized clinical trials. This review underscores the importance of considering nutritional guidance in periodontal treatment protocols and highlights the need for tailored recommendations based on recent findings.
ISSN:2072-6643
2072-6643
DOI:10.3390/nu16223901