Effect of bulk/incremental fill on internal gap formation of bulk-fill composites

Abstract Objectives To examine the effects of composite type (bulk-fill/conventional) and placement (4-mm bulk/2-mm increments) on internal marginal adaptation of Class I preparations. Methods Cylindrical, Class I, 4-mm × 4-mm preparations were made on 50 recently extracted human molars and restored...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Journal of dentistry Vol. 42; no. 4; pp. 439 - 449
Main Authors:	Furness, Alan, Tadros, Marko Yousef, Looney, Stephen W, Rueggeberg, Frederick A
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	England Elsevier Ltd 01-04-2014 Elsevier Limited
Subjects:	Acid Etching, Dental - methods Bond strength Bulk-fill Coloring Agents Composite Resins - chemistry Composites Curing Curing Lights, Dental Dental Cavity Preparation - classification Dental Enamel - ultrastructure Dental Marginal Adaptation Dental Materials - chemistry Dental Pulp - ultrastructure Dental Restoration, Permanent - methods Dentin - ultrastructure Dentin-Bonding Agents - chemistry Dentistry Dyes Enamel Enamels Human Humans Integrity Light Margin adaptation Materials Testing Observers Placement Production methods Random Allocation Studies Surface Properties Teeth Margin adaptation Bulk-fill Composites
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Summary:	Abstract Objectives To examine the effects of composite type (bulk-fill/conventional) and placement (4-mm bulk/2-mm increments) on internal marginal adaptation of Class I preparations. Methods Cylindrical, Class I, 4-mm × 4-mm preparations were made on 50 recently extracted human molars and restored using either a bulk-fill (SureFil SDR Flow (SDR), Quixx (QX), SonicFill (SF), Tetric EvoCeram Bulk (TEC)) or a conventional composite designed for 2-mm increments (Filtek Supreme Ultra (FSU)). Restorations were placed in 1 or 2 increments using the manufacturer's bonding agent and curing light ( n = 5). Teeth were sectioned occluso-gingivally and dye was placed on the internal margin and visually examined by 3 observers. Gap-free marginal lengths were analysed within three different regions of the sectioned tooth: enamel, mid-dentine, and pulpal floor. Results Marginal integrity was unaffected by placement method. Bulk-placement demonstrated significantly fewer gap-free margins at the pulpal floor than in enamel, for all materials except SDR. Greater percentages of gap-free margins were found within the mid-dentine than at the pulpal floor for FSU. QX had more gap-free margins in enamel compared with the mid-dentine. Proportion of gap-free margins within enamel and mid-dentine was not significantly different for any incrementally placed product. Excluding FSU, gap-free margins within enamel were significantly greater than at the pulpal floor. Notably, significantly more gap-free margins were found within mid-dentine than at the pulpal floor for SF. Conclusions No significant differences in gap-free margins were found between placement methods within a given product per location. Except for SDR, percentage of gap-free margins was significantly lower at the pulpal floor interface than at the enamel interface for bulk-fill.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 ObjectType-Article-2 ObjectType-Feature-1
ISSN:	0300-5712 1879-176X
DOI:	10.1016/j.jdent.2014.01.005