Suicide attempts in the absence of depression: Differences between broad cultural groups

Suicide is one of the leading causes of death worldwide (WHO, 2021). Depression is a common precursor to suicide and suicidality; however, individuals' experience of depression and the meaning of suicide differs depending on one's cultural background (Colucci, 2013; Goodmann et al., 2021;...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Journal of affective disorders Vol. 356; pp. 722 - 727
Main Authors:	Liu, Qimin, Teng, Charlotte C., Sun, Isabelle, Muñoz, Ricardo F., Garza, Monica, Liu, Nancy H., Barakat, Suzanne, Leykin, Yan
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Netherlands Elsevier B.V 01-07-2024
Subjects:	Adolescent Adult Cross-Cultural Comparison Cultural differences Depression Depression - ethnology Depression - psychology Depression screening Female Humans Latin America - ethnology Male Middle Aged Suicidal Ideation Suicide Suicide attempt Suicide, Attempted - ethnology Suicide, Attempted - psychology Suicide, Attempted - statistics & numerical data Young Adult Latin America Depression Depression screening Suicide Cultural differences Suicide attempt
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Summary:	Suicide is one of the leading causes of death worldwide (WHO, 2021). Depression is a common precursor to suicide and suicidality; however, individuals' experience of depression and the meaning of suicide differs depending on one's cultural background (Colucci, 2013; Goodmann et al., 2021; Kleinman, 2004). The current study explores the relationship between suicide and depression among six broad cultural groups in a large sample (N = 17,015) of adults representing six broad cultural groups (Latin America, South Asia, former Soviet Bloc, Western English-speakers, Chinese, and Arab World). Participants were recruited to a multilingual depression and suicide screening study via Google Ads (Leykin et al., 2012; Gross et al., 2014). As expected, the presence of depression was associated with suicide attempts. However, cultural group moderated this association, with Chinese participants being most likely to report suicide attempts while screening negative for depression. Although depression remains an important predictor of suicidality, it appears that certain cultural groups may be at higher risk even when depression is not present. Clinicians should consider using culturally adapted assessments for depression and suicidality. •17,015 individuals completed an online screener of depression and suicidality.•Participants represented six broad cultural groups.•Chinese group was far more likely to attempt suicide with negative depression screen.•Cultural differences remained when controlling for common predictors of suicidality.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23
ISSN:	0165-0327 1573-2517
DOI:	10.1016/j.jad.2024.04.087