QuEChERS sample preparation integrated to dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction based on solidified floating organic droplet for spectrometric determination of sudan dyes: A synergistic approach

In this project, a synergistic approach has been proposed where a quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) sample preparation technique was developed for the extraction of sudan III and sudan IV dyes in different spices prior to its dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction based on...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Food and chemical toxicology Vol. 159; p. 112742
Main Authors:	Sulaiman, Uzma, Shah, Faheem, Khan, Rafaqat Ali
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	England Elsevier Ltd 01-01-2022
Subjects:	Azo Compounds - analysis Azo Compounds - chemistry Azo Compounds - isolation & purification Azo dyes Limit of Detection Linear Models Liquid Phase Microextraction - methods Microextraction QuEChERS Reproducibility of Results Sample preparation Spectrum Analysis - methods Spices Microextraction Spices Sample preparation Azo dyes QuEChERS
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Summary:	In this project, a synergistic approach has been proposed where a quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) sample preparation technique was developed for the extraction of sudan III and sudan IV dyes in different spices prior to its dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction based on solidified floating organic droplet (DLLME-SFO). Initially, the sample was extracted by QuEChERS method and then preconcentrated through DLLME-SFO followed by spectrophotometric detection. All the experimental parameters i.e., volume of extraction solvent, pH, acetonitrile to water ratio, temperature, centrifugation rate and time, and sample volume were optimized. Limit of detection (LOD) calculated for sudan III and sudan IV were 0.42 and 0.35 mg/L, respectively. Excellent recoveries were obtained in the range of 98.29–99.88%. After validation through standard addition methodology, the developed QuEChERS@DLLME-SFO method was successfully applied to determine sudan (III-IV) dyes in real spices samples. Integration of QuEChERS and DLLME-SFO was found to be a suitable substitute to eliminate the usage of costly primary secondary amines and other sorbents. The synergistic approach of QuEChERS and DLLME-SFO with the aid of UV/visible spectrophotometry makes it prompt, cost effective technique with excellent analytical figures of merit. [Display omitted] •Synergistic effect of QuEChERS/DLLME-SFO was assessed for sudan dyes estimation.•The proposed procedure shows good detection limits, linear range, and precision.•Excellent recoveries were obtained in the range of 98.29–99.88%.•QuEChERS@DLLME-SFO was successfully applied to real spice samples.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23
ISSN:	0278-6915 1873-6351
DOI:	10.1016/j.fct.2021.112742