Thyroid Function in Early Pregnancy in Japanese Healthy Women: Relation to Urinary Iodine Excretion, Emesis, and Fetal and Child Development

Context: The effect of constant rich iodine intake, especially during pregnancy, has not been well understood. Objective: The objective was to examine urinary iodine excretion and thyroid function in early pregnancy in Japanese healthy women. We also studied fetal maturation and child development in...

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Published in:	The journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism Vol. 94; no. 5; pp. 1683 - 1688
Main Authors:	Orito, Yoshiko, Oku, Hisato, Kubota, Sumihisa, Amino, Nobuyuki, Shimogaki, Kayoko, Hata, Mitsutaka, Manki, Kazumi, Tanaka, Yukiko, Sugino, Shoko, Ueta, Michio, Kawakita, Kaori, Nunotani, Takaaki, Tatsumi, Nobuya, Ichihara, Kiyoshi, Miyauchi, Akira, Miyake, Megumi
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Bethesda, MD Endocrine Society 01-05-2009 Copyright by The Endocrine Society
Subjects:	Adult Biological and medical sciences Child Development Diet Endocrinopathies Feeding. Feeding behavior Female Fetal Blood - chemistry Fetal Development Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Humans Infant Infant, Newborn Iodide Peroxidase - blood Iodine - urine Japan - epidemiology Medical sciences Pregnancy - physiology Pregnancy Complications - epidemiology Prospective Studies Thyroid Function Tests Thyrotropin - blood Thyroxine - blood Triiodothyronine - blood Vertebrates: anatomy and physiology, studies on body, several organs or systems Vertebrates: endocrinology Vomiting - epidemiology Asia Japan Human Urine Excretion Nutrition Nutrition disorder Metabolic diseases Japanese Fetal development Thyroid function Vomiting Digestive diseases Adult Female Early pregnancy Woman Child Endocrinology Nutritional status Iodine
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Summary:	Context: The effect of constant rich iodine intake, especially during pregnancy, has not been well understood. Objective: The objective was to examine urinary iodine excretion and thyroid function in early pregnancy in Japanese healthy women. We also studied fetal maturation and child development in these women. Design and Setting: This study was an observational, prospective study conducted at a maternity hospital. Subjects: Subjects were 622 pregnant women who visited a maternity hospital consecutively in early gestation. Subjects with positive thyroid antibodies were excluded, and finally 514 subjects were examined. Offspring subjects were infants born to the maternal subjects. Main Outcome Measures: Thyroid function, serum thyroperoxidase antibodies, and urinary concentrations of iodine were measured at the initial obstetrical visit. The fetal maturation scores estimated by the Dubowitz and Ballard methods in newly born infants were assessed. A child developmental test was performed using the Enjoji Scale up to 12 months of age. Results: The distribution of urinary iodine concentrations was large, and the average was extremely high. There were significant positive correlations between urinary iodine and serum TSH (r = 0.1326; P < 0.005). Serum TSH during early pregnancy in mothers had no relevance to parameters in neonates, scores of fetal maturation, or child developmental testing in their infants. Conclusions: Iodine excess during early pregnancy seems to have no adverse effects on the fetus in healthy Japanese women. To avoid hypothyroidism, reducing excess dietary iodine intake to moderate intake may be beneficial for pregnant woman in Japan. Subclinical hypothyroidism with dietary iodine excess during early pregnancy seems to have no adverse effects on the fetus in healthy Japanese woman.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23
ISSN:	0021-972X 1945-7197
DOI:	10.1210/jc.2008-2111