Current scenario and challenges ahead in application of spermatogonial stem cell technology in livestock

Current scenario and challenges ahead in application of spermatogonial stem cell technology in livestock

Purpose Spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) are the source for the mature male gamete. SSC technology in humans is mainly focusing on preserving fertility in cancer patients. Whereas in livestock, it is used for mining the factors associated with male fertility. The review discusses the present status...

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Published in:Journal of assisted reproduction and genetics Vol. 38; no. 12; pp. 3155 - 3173
Main Authors: Binsila, Balakrishnan, Selvaraju, Sellappan, Ranjithkumaran, Rajan, Archana, Santhanahalli Siddalingappa, Krishnappa, Balaganur, Ghosh, Subrata Kumar, Kumar, Harendra, Subbarao, Raghavendra B., Arangasamy, Arunachalam, Bhatta, Raghavendra
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: New York Springer US 01-12-2021
Springer Nature B.V
Subjects:
Cell culture
Cell differentiation
Cryopreservation
Epigenetics
Fertility
Gamete Biology
Genome editing
Germplasm
Growth factors
Gynecology
Human Genetics
Livestock
Medicine
Medicine & Public Health
Molecular modelling
Propagation
Reproductive Medicine
Spermatogenesis
Stem cell transplantation
Stem cells
Spermatogonial stem cell
Isolation
Livestock
Culture system
Cryopreservation
Growth factors
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Summary:Purpose Spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) are the source for the mature male gamete. SSC technology in humans is mainly focusing on preserving fertility in cancer patients. Whereas in livestock, it is used for mining the factors associated with male fertility. The review discusses the present status of SSC biology, methodologies developed for in vitro culture, and challenges ahead in establishing SSC technology for the propagation of superior germplasm with special reference to livestock. Method Published literatures from PubMed and Google Scholar on topics of SSCs isolation, purification, characterization, short and long-term culture of SSCs, stemness maintenance, epigenetic modifications of SSCs, growth factors, and SSC cryopreservation and transplantation were used for the study. Result The fine-tuning of SSC isolation and culture conditions with special reference to feeder cells, growth factors, and additives need to be refined for livestock. An insight into the molecular mechanisms involved in maintaining stemness and proliferation of SSCs could facilitate the dissemination of superior germplasm through transplantation and transgenesis. The epigenetic influence on the composition and expression of the biomolecules during in vitro differentiation of cultured cells is essential for sustaining fertility. The development of surrogate males through gene-editing will be historic achievement for the foothold of the SSCs technology. Conclusion Detailed studies on the species-specific factors regulating the stemness and differentiation of the SSCs are required for the development of a long-term culture system and in vitro spermatogenesis in livestock. Epigenetic changes in the SSCs during in vitro culture have to be elucidated for the successful application of SSCs for improving the productivity of the animals. Graphical abstract
Bibliography:ObjectType-Article-2
SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
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ObjectType-Review-1
ISSN:1058-0468
1573-7330
DOI:10.1007/s10815-021-02334-7