The strong reaction of simple phenolic acids during oxidative stress caused by nickel, cadmium and copper in the microalga Scenedesmus quadricauda

•The simple phenolic acids were analysed in S. quadricauda treated with Ni, Cd, Cu.•A strong correlation between GSH and 4 hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid was demonstrated.•Low concentrations of Ni, Cd, Cu increased the amount of simple phenolic acids.•Rosmarinic acid decreased dramatically after metal tr...

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Published in:	New biotechnology Vol. 48; pp. 66 - 75
Main Authors:	Strejckova, Aneta, Dvorak, Marek, Klejdus, Borivoj, Krystofova, Olga, Hedbavny, Josef, Adam, Vojtech, Huska, Dalibor
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Netherlands Elsevier B.V 25-01-2019 Elsevier Science Ltd
Subjects:	Algae Antioxidants Antioxidants - metabolism Ascorbate Ascorbic acid Ascorbic Acid - metabolism Biosynthesis Cadmium Cadmium chloride Cadmium Chloride - toxicity Copper Copper - toxicity Copper chloride Correlation analysis Glutathione Glutathione - metabolism Heavy metals Hydroxybenzoates - metabolism Metal concentrations Microalgae - drug effects Microalgae - growth & development Microalgae - metabolism Nickel Nickel - toxicity Nickel chloride Oxidative stress Oxidative Stress - drug effects Phenolic acids Phenols Phenylalanine Phytochelatins - metabolism Polyphenols Polyphenols - metabolism Rosmarinic acid Scenedesmus - drug effects Scenedesmus - growth & development Scenedesmus - metabolism Scenedesmus quadricauda Simple phenols Tyrosine Oxidative stress Cadmium DOPAC Simple phenols Ascorbate BBM PAA FW ASC DW PC ROS PAL Nickel DHA Copper TAL Scenedesmus quadricauda Glutathione
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Summary:	•The simple phenolic acids were analysed in S. quadricauda treated with Ni, Cd, Cu.•A strong correlation between GSH and 4 hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid was demonstrated.•Low concentrations of Ni, Cd, Cu increased the amount of simple phenolic acids.•Rosmarinic acid decreased dramatically after metal treatment.•Phytochelatins synthesis was activated by Cd then Ni and Cu in S. quadricauda. This work has analysed the influence of CdCl2, NiCl2 and CuCl2 on simple phenolic acids, such as the 3PPP (phenylpyruvic, phenylacetic, and 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvic) and 2DR (3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic and rosmarinic) phenolic acids for the first time and studied their interactions with antioxidant systems and the glutathione-ascorbate cycle in the freshwater green microalga Scenedesmus quadricauda. The compounds investigated are related to both the catabolic and anabolic pathways of l-phenylalanine and l-tyrosine, the main molecules in the biosynthesis of polyphenols. The concentrations of the simple phenolic acids responded significantly to NiCl2, CdCl2 and CuCl2 at 5, 20 and 40 μM concentrations. The 3PPP phenolic acid concentrations after 24 h were always higher in metal-treated cells than in controls, while the 2DR concentrations were significantly lower in the metal-treated cells than the controls. The GSH/GSSG ratio was lower in all experimental groups treated with the selected metals (especially so at 40 μM). Pearson correlation analysis indicated a strong negative correlation between ascorbate and rosmarinic acid content (−0.670; p < 0.05) in NiCl2-treated samples and reduced glutathione and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic content (−0.700; p < 0.05) in CdCl2-treated samples. The GSSG content in samples exposed to CuCl2 was correlated with the concentrations of all of the investigated phenolic acids (4 negative, 1 positive).
ISSN:	1871-6784 1876-4347
DOI:	10.1016/j.nbt.2018.07.004