Genotype accounts for intraspecific variation in the timing and duration of multiple, sequential life‐cycle events in a willow species

Genotype accounts for intraspecific variation in the timing and duration of multiple, sequential life‐cycle events in a willow species

Premise Phenological variation among individuals within populations is common and has a variety of ecological and evolutionary consequences, including forming the basis for population‐level responses to environmental change. Although the timing of life‐cycle events has genetic underpinnings, whether...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:American journal of botany Vol. 110; no. 2; pp. e16112 - n/a
Main Authors: Iler, Amy M., CaraDonna, Paul J., Richardson, Lea K., Wu, Elizabeth T., Fant, Jeremie B., Pfeiler, Kelly C., Freymiller, Grace A., Godfrey, Kimber N., Gorman, Alexander J., Wilson, Nicholas, Whitford, Malachi D., Edmonds, Grant A., Stratton, Conner, Jules, Erik S.
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: United States Botanical Society of America, Inc 01-02-2023
Subjects:
Animals
coastal willow
Environmental changes
Environmental effects
Flowering
Fruits
Genetic diversity
Genetic factors
genetic variation
Genotype
Genotype & phenotype
Genotypes
heritability
Leaves
Life Cycle Stages
National Phenology Network
phenology
Plant Leaves
plasticity
Salicaceae
Salix - physiology
Salix hookeriana
Seasons
Willow
Salix hookeriana
phenology
National Phenology Network
genetic variation
plasticity
coastal willow
Salicaceae
heritability
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Summary:Premise Phenological variation among individuals within populations is common and has a variety of ecological and evolutionary consequences, including forming the basis for population‐level responses to environmental change. Although the timing of life‐cycle events has genetic underpinnings, whether intraspecific variation in the duration of life‐cycle events reflects genetic differences among individuals is poorly understood. Methods We used a common garden experiment with 10 genotypes of Salix hookeriana (coastal willow) from northern California, United States to investigate the extent to which genetic variation explains intraspecific variation in the timing and duration of multiple, sequential life‐cycle events: flowering, leaf budbreak, leaf expansion, fruiting, and fall leaf coloration. We used seven clones of each genotype, for a total of 70 individual trees. Results Genotype affected each sequential life‐cycle event independently and explained on average 62% of the variation in the timing and duration of vegetative and reproductive life‐cycle events. All events were significantly heritable. A single genotype tended to be “early” or “late” across life‐cycle events, but for event durations, there was no consistent response within genotypes. Conclusions This research demonstrates that genetic variation can be a major component underlying intraspecific variation in the timing and duration of life‐cycle events. It is often assumed that the environment affects durations, but we show that genetic factors also play a role. Because the timing and duration of events are independent of one another, our results suggest that the effects of environmental change on one event will not necessarily cascade to subsequent events.
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content type line 23
ISSN:0002-9122
1537-2197
DOI:10.1002/ajb2.16112