Multi-host pathogens and carnivore management in southern Africa

Abstract A retrospective serosurvey of multi-host feline and canine viruses among carnivore species in southern Africa ( n = 1018) identified widespread pathogen exposure even in remote protected areas. In contrast to mortality experienced in East African predators, canine distemper virus (CDV) infe...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases Vol. 33; no. 3; pp. 249 - 265
Main Authors:	Alexander, K.A, McNutt, J.W, Briggs, M.B, Standers, P.E, Funston, P, Hemson, G, Keet, D, van Vuuren, M
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	England Elsevier Ltd 01-05-2010
Subjects:	Africa, Southern - epidemiology African wild dog Allergy and Immunology Animals Animals, Wild - virology Antibodies Antibodies, Viral - analysis Canidae - virology Canine distemper virus Chien sauvage africain Chlorocebus aethiops Conservation of Natural Resources Disease Outbreaks Disease Reservoirs - virology Distemper DNA Viruses - immunology DNA Viruses - isolation & purification Ecotones Endangered Espèce menacée Felidae - virology Geography Hétérogénéité de paysage Infectious Disease Landscape heterogeneity Lion Maladie de Carré Multi-host Multi-hôte Pathogens Pathogène Predator Prédateur Retrospective Studies RNA Viruses - immunology RNA Viruses - isolation & purification Seroepidemiologic Studies Vaccination Vero Cells Virus Diseases - epidemiology Virus Diseases - immunology Virus Diseases - virology Africa, Southern Africa Pathogens Maladie de Carré Distemper Vaccination Landscape heterogeneity Ecotones Pathogène Hétérogénéité de paysage Prédateur African wild dog Lion Multi-hôte Chien sauvage africain Espèce menacée Predator Multi-host Endangered
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Summary:	Abstract A retrospective serosurvey of multi-host feline and canine viruses among carnivore species in southern Africa ( n = 1018) identified widespread pathogen exposure even in remote protected areas. In contrast to mortality experienced in East African predators, canine distemper virus (CDV) infection among African wild dogs ( Lycaon pictus ) in Botswana was not associated with identifiable change in pup survivorship or disease related mortality of adults. A disease outbreak of unknown aetiology occurred in the same population over 4 weeks in 1996. Outbreak boundaries coincided with ecotones, not the spatial distribution of contiguous packs, highlighting the potential importance of landscape heterogeneities in these processes. Direct management of pathogens in domestic animal reservoirs is complicated by the apparent complexity of pathogen maintenance and transmission in these large systems. Conservation effort should be focused at securing large metapopulations able to compensate for expected episodic generalist pathogen invasion and attention directed to addressing underlying causes of population depression such as habitat loss and wildlife conflict.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 ObjectType-Article-2 ObjectType-Feature-1
ISSN:	0147-9571 1878-1667
DOI:	10.1016/j.cimid.2008.10.005