Antagonistic activity of Ocimum sanctum L. essential oil on growth and zearalenone production by Fusarium graminearum in maize grains

The present study was aimed to establish the antagonistic effects of Ocimum sanctum L. essential oil (OSEO) on growth and zearalenone (ZEA) production of Fusarium graminearum. GC-MS chemical profiling of OSEO revealed the existence of 43 compounds and the major compound was found to be eugenol (34.7...

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Published in:	Frontiers in microbiology Vol. 6; p. 892
Main Authors:	Kalagatur, Naveen K, Mudili, Venkataramana, Siddaiah, Chandranayaka, Gupta, Vijai K, Natarajan, Gopalan, Sreepathi, Murali H, Vardhan, Batra H, Putcha, Venkata L R
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Switzerland Frontiers Media S.A 03-09-2015
Subjects:	F. graminearum GC-MS Micro-well dilution method Microbiology O. sanctum essential oil scanning electron microscope Zearalenone O. sanctum essential oil F. graminearum GC–MS reverse transcriptase qPCR zearalenone UHPLC scanning electron microscope micro-well dilution method
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Summary:	The present study was aimed to establish the antagonistic effects of Ocimum sanctum L. essential oil (OSEO) on growth and zearalenone (ZEA) production of Fusarium graminearum. GC-MS chemical profiling of OSEO revealed the existence of 43 compounds and the major compound was found to be eugenol (34.7%). DPPH free radical scavenging activity (IC50) of OSEO was determined to be 8.5 μg/mL. Minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum fungicidal concentration of OSEO on F. graminearum were recorded as 1250 and 1800 μg/mL, respectively. Scanning electron microscope observations showed significant micro morphological damage in OSEO exposed mycelia and spores compared to untreated control culture. Quantitative UHPLC studies revealed that OSEO negatively effected the production of ZEA; the concentration of toxin production was observed to be insignificant at 1500 μg/mL concentration of OSEO. On other hand ZEA concentration was quantified as 3.23 μg/mL in OSEO untreated control culture. Reverse transcriptase qPCR analysis of ZEA metabolic pathway genes (PKS4 and PKS13) revealed that increase in OSEO concentration (250-1500 μg/mL) significantly downregulated the expression of PKS4 and PKS13. These results were in agreement with the artificially contaminated maize grains as well. In conlusion, the antifungal and antimycotoxic effects of OSEO on F. graminearum in the present study reiterated that, the essential oil of O. sanctum could be a promising herbal fungicide in food processing industries as well as grain storage centers.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 This article was submitted to Fungi and Their Interactions, a section of the journal Frontiers in Microbiology Edited by: Agnieszka Waskiewicz, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poland Reviewed by: Ian A. Cleary, University of Tennessee at Martin, USA; Zonghua Wang, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, China
ISSN:	1664-302X 1664-302X
DOI:	10.3389/fmicb.2015.00892