Emerging behavioral and neuroimaging biomarkers for early and accurate characterization of autism spectrum disorders: a systematic review

Emerging behavioral and neuroimaging biomarkers for early and accurate characterization of autism spectrum disorders: a systematic review

The possibility of early treatment and a better outcome is the direct product of early identification and characterization of any pathological condition. Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by impairment in social communication, restricted, and repetitive pa...

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Published in:Translational psychiatry Vol. 11; no. 1; p. 42
Main Authors: Hiremath, Chandrakanta S., Sagar, Kommu John Vijay, Yamini, B. K., Girimaji, Akhila S., Kumar, Raghavendra, Sravanti, Sanivarapu Lakshmi, Padmanabha, Hansashree, Vykunta Raju, K. N., Kishore, M. Thomas, Jacob, Preeti, Saini, Jitender, Bharath, Rose D., Seshadri, Shekhar P., Kumar, Manoj
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: London Nature Publishing Group UK 13-01-2021
Nature Publishing Group
Subjects:
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59/36
59/57
692/53/2421
692/699/476/1373
Autism
Autism Spectrum Disorder - diagnostic imaging
Behavioral Sciences
Biological Psychology
Biomarkers
Brain - diagnostic imaging
Humans
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Medical imaging
Medicine
Medicine & Public Health
Neurodevelopmental disorders
Neuroimaging
Neurosciences
Pharmacotherapy
Psychiatry
Review
Review Article
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Summary:The possibility of early treatment and a better outcome is the direct product of early identification and characterization of any pathological condition. Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by impairment in social communication, restricted, and repetitive patterns of behavior. In recent times, various tools and methods have been developed for the early identification and characterization of ASD features as early as 6 months of age. Thorough and exhaustive research has been done to identify biomarkers in ASD using noninvasive neuroimaging and various molecular methods. By employing advanced assessment tools such as MRI and behavioral assessment methods for accurate characterization of the ASD features and may facilitate pre-emptive interventional and targeted therapy programs. However, the application of advanced quantitative MRI methods is still confined to investigational/laboratory settings, and the clinical implication of these imaging methods in personalized medicine is still in infancy. Longitudinal research studies in neurodevelopmental disorders are the need of the hour for accurate characterization of brain–behavioral changes that could be monitored over a period of time. These findings would be more reliable and consistent with translating into the clinics. This review article aims to focus on the recent advancement of early biomarkers for the characterization of ASD features at a younger age using behavioral and quantitative MRI methods.
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ISSN:2158-3188
2158-3188
DOI:10.1038/s41398-020-01178-6