IFN-γ plays a unique role in protection against low virulent Trypanosoma cruzi strain

T. cruzi strains have been divided into six discrete typing units (DTUs) according to their genetic background. These groups are designated T. cruzi I to VI. In this context, amastigotes from G strain (T. cruzi I) are highly infective in vitro and show no parasitemia in vivo. Here we aimed to unders...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	PLoS neglected tropical diseases Vol. 6; no. 4; p. e1598
Main Authors:	Rodrigues, Adele A, Saosa, Jasson S S, da Silva, Grace K, Martins, Flávia A, da Silva, Aline A, Souza Neto, Cecílio P da Silva, Horta, Catarina V, Zamboni, Dario S, da Silva, João S, Ferro, Eloisa A V, da Silva, Claudio V
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	United States Public Library of Science 01-04-2012 Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Subjects:	Animals Biology Chagas Disease - immunology Female Genetic aspects Interferon gamma Interferon-gamma - immunology Macrophages Male Mice Mice, Inbred BALB C Mice, Inbred C57BL Mice, Knockout Parasitemia - immunology Parasitemia - prevention & control Properties Trypanosoma cruzi Trypanosoma cruzi - immunology Trypanosoma cruzi - pathogenicity Virulence (Microbiology) Brazil
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Summary:	T. cruzi strains have been divided into six discrete typing units (DTUs) according to their genetic background. These groups are designated T. cruzi I to VI. In this context, amastigotes from G strain (T. cruzi I) are highly infective in vitro and show no parasitemia in vivo. Here we aimed to understand why amastigotes from G strain are highly infective in vitro and do not contribute for a patent in vivo infection. Our in vitro studies demonstrated the first evidence that IFN-γ would be associated to the low virulence of G strain in vivo. After intraperitoneal amastigotes inoculation in wild-type and knockout mice for TNF-α, Nod2, Myd88, iNOS, IL-12p40, IL-18, CD4, CD8 and IFN-γ we found that the latter is crucial for controlling infection by G strain amastigotes. Our results showed that amastigotes from G strain are highly infective in vitro but did not contribute for a patent infection in vivo due to its susceptibility to IFN-γ production by host immune cells. These data are useful to understand the mechanisms underlying the contrasting behavior of different T. cruzi groups for in vitro and in vivo infection.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 Conceived and designed the experiments: CVS AAR DSZ JSS EAVF. Performed the experiments: AAR JSSS GKS FAM AAS CPSSN CVH. Analyzed the data: CVS AAR. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: CVS DSZ JSS. Wrote the paper: CVS.
ISSN:	1935-2735 1935-2727 1935-2735
DOI:	10.1371/journal.pntd.0001598