Efficacy of spilanthol and Acmella oleracea (L.) R. K. Jansen (Asteraceae) extract against Schistosoma mansoni infection

Acmella oleracea (L.) R. K. Jansen, commonly referred to as “Jambu”, is a valuable medicinal plant native to the Amazon regions. Inflorescences of A. oleracea is utilized as local anesthetic properties and for its insecticidal, antiparasitic, and anthelmintic attributes. This study aimed to evaluate...

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Published in:	Journal of ethnopharmacology Vol. 338; no. Pt 1; p. 119028
Main Authors:	Souza Costa, Danilo de, Cajas, Rayssa A., Leal, Carla Monteiro, Carvalho, Lara S. Aleixo de, Souza, Lara Cruz de, Fukui-Silva, Lucas, Moraes, Josué de, Da Silva Filho, Ademar A.
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Elsevier B.V 10-02-2025
Subjects:	Alkamides Anthelminthic Antischistosomal Natural product Schistosoma mansoni UHPLC-HRMS/MS Antischistosomal Schistosoma mansoni Alkamides EBR AoE WBR Natural product SPL Anthelminthic
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Summary:	Acmella oleracea (L.) R. K. Jansen, commonly referred to as “Jambu”, is a valuable medicinal plant native to the Amazon regions. Inflorescences of A. oleracea is utilized as local anesthetic properties and for its insecticidal, antiparasitic, and anthelmintic attributes. This study aimed to evaluate the in vitro and in vivo antiparasitic properties of A. oleracea extract and spilanthol (SPL) against Schistosoma mansoni. The ethanolic extract of A. oleracea inflorescences (AoE) was prepared, analyzed by HPLC-DAD, and characterized by UHPLC-HRMS/MS. SPL was isolated from AoE by chromatographic fractionation. The antischistosomal properties of AoE and SPL were evaluated in vitro against adult schistosomes and in preclinical assays using murine models of patent S. mansoni infection. Through UHPLC-HRMS/MS analysis, 14 alkamides were annotated in AoE. HPLC-DAD analysis of AoE revealed a peak with a substantial relative area of ∼85%, which was isolated and identified as SPL. AoE and SPL caused mortality of adult schistosomes ex vivo, showing EC50 values of 32.6 μg/mL and 27.8 μM, respectively, without affected Vero cells or Caenorhabditis elegans. In preclinical studies, the oral administration (400 mg/kg) of AoE and SPL resulted in significant reductions in worm burden of 28% and ∼42%, respectively. Additionally, SPL exhibits remarkable effects on oogram, decreasing egg burden and the number of immature eggs by over 80%, while also promoting significant reductions in hepato- and splenomegaly. The research underscores the antischistosomal activity of A. oleracea highlighting the potential of SPL as a lead for the development of new schistosomicidal drugs and encouraging further studies to validate the traditional anthelmintic use of A. oleracea inflorescences. [Display omitted] •A. oleracea extract exhibited in vitro antischistosomal effects.•A number of alkamides were annotated in A. oleracea extract by UHPLC-HRMS/MS.•Spilanthol was isolated and displayed in vitro and in vivo antischistosomal effects.•Spilanthol and A. oleracea extract were active against S. mansoni in mice.•This study encourages further research to substantiate the traditional anthelmintic use of A. oleracea inflorescences.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23
ISSN:	0378-8741 1872-7573 1872-7573
DOI:	10.1016/j.jep.2024.119028