Cardiovascular risk factors in the elderly: a 10-year follow-up survival analysis

Cardiovascular risk factors in the elderly: a 10-year follow-up survival analysis

Cardiovascular risk factors present a high prevalence and have an impact on the morbimortality of the elderly; however, studies evaluating the impact of cardiovascular risk factors in the elderly have had short follow-up times and have not allowed specific analyses of the effects of these factors in...

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Published in:European journal of cardiovascular nursing : journal of the Working Group on Cardiovascular Nursing of the European Society of Cardiology Vol. 22; no. 1; pp. 43 - 52
Main Authors: Vilela de Sousa, Thaís, Cavalcante, Agueda Maria Ruiz Zimmer, Lima, Nathália Xavier, Souza, Jennifer Siqueira, Sousa, Ana Luiza Lima, Brasil, Virginia Visconde, Vieira, Flaviana Vely Mendonça, Guimarães, Janaína Valadares, de Matos, Marcos André, Silveira, Erika Aparecida, Pagotto, Valéria
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: England 12-01-2023
Subjects:
Aged
Cardiovascular Diseases - epidemiology
Follow-Up Studies
Heart Disease Risk Factors
Humans
Hypertension - epidemiology
Middle Aged
Proportional Hazards Models
Prospective Studies
Risk Factors
Survival Analysis
Geriatric nursing
Survival analysis
Aged
Cardiovascular diseases
Risk factor
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Summary:Cardiovascular risk factors present a high prevalence and have an impact on the morbimortality of the elderly; however, studies evaluating the impact of cardiovascular risk factors in the elderly have had short follow-up times and have not allowed specific analyses of the effects of these factors in the aged population, including how they affect the survival of the elderly. This study aimed to analyse the survival of elderly individuals living in the community, considering the presence of cardiovascular risk factors. A prospective 10-year follow-up was initiated in 2008 with a cohort of 418 elderly people living in a community in Central Brazil. The Kaplan-Meier method and the Cox proportional hazards model were used to examine the association between survival and cardiovascular risk factors. The mean age of the participants was 70.6 (±7.1) years; most participants were hypertensive (81.6%) and participated in irregular physical activity (44%), and 43.3% smoked. After a mean follow-up of 8.38 (±2.82) years, 59.3% had survived and 34.1% had died; among the deaths, 14.1% were due to cardiovascular causes. Age [hazard ratio (HR) 1.067, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.027-1.109], hypertension (HR 3.178, 95% CI 1.144-8.826), and smoking (HR 2.235, 95% CI 1.253-3.987) were confirmed as risk factors for reduced survival, whereas physical activity was a protective factor (HR 0.456, 95% CI 0.206-1.007). The results from this study highlight the need for educational policies towards hypertension and smoking prevention among elderly people, and participation in physical activity needs to be encouraged.
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ISSN:1474-5151
1873-1953
DOI:10.1093/eurjcn/zvac040