Leprosy prevalence spatial distribution and trend in a health region in Northeast Brazil, 2008-2017: an ecological study

Abstract Objective: to analyse the spatial distribution and trend of leprosy in municipalities of a health region in a Northeast Brazilian state. Methods: this was an ecological time-series study based on compulsory notification of leprosy cases by the municipalities covered by the Imperatriz-MA Reg...

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Published in:	Epidemiologia e serviços de saúde Vol. 32; no. 2; p. e2023522
Main Authors:	Oliveira, Rayanne Alves de, Sousa, Paloma Maria Pereira de, Silva, Janiel Conceição da, Santos, Lívia Fernanda Siqueira, Santos, Floriacy Stabnow, Pascoal, Lívia Maia, Costa, Ana Cristina Pereira de Jesus, Santos, Leonardo Hunaldo dos, Santos Neto, Marcelino
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English Portuguese
Published:	Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde e Ambiente - Ministério da Saúde do Brasil 2023 Ministério da Saúde do Brasil
Subjects:	Ecological Studies Epidemiology HEALTH CARE SCIENCES & SERVICES HEALTH POLICY & SERVICES INFECTIOUS DISEASES Leprosy MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL Prevalence Research Note Spatial Analysis Epidemiología Prevalence Análise Espacial Leprosy Prevalência Epidemiologia Epidemiology Ecological Studies Estudios Ecológicos Spatial Analysis Hanseníase Estudo Ecológico Prevalencia Lepra Análisis Espacial
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Summary:	Abstract Objective: to analyse the spatial distribution and trend of leprosy in municipalities of a health region in a Northeast Brazilian state. Methods: this was an ecological time-series study based on compulsory notification of leprosy cases by the municipalities covered by the Imperatriz-MA Regional Health Management Unit, between 2008 and 2017; prevalence and mean prevalence for the period were calculated; spatial analysis of the area was carried out and maps were generated using ArcGis 10.5. Prais-Winsten regression was used for trend analysis. Result: 4,029 cases of the disease were identified, and average prevalence ranged from 2.0 to 11.5 cases/10,000 inhabitants-year. The overall trend was downward. Governador Edson Lobão had the highest prevalence, 11.5 cases/10,000 inhabitants, and Lajeado Novo had the lowest prevalence, 2.0 cases/10,000 inhabitants. Conclusion: spatial distribution of leprosy cases was heterogeneous in the municipalities studied and prevalence had a falling trend. Resumo Objetivo: analisar a distribuição espacial e a tendência da hanseníase em municípios de uma regional de saúde de um estado no Nordeste brasileiro. Métodos: estudo ecológico e de séries temporais, sobre a notificação compulsória dos municípios integrantes da Unidade Gestora Regional de Saúde de Imperatriz, Maranhão, Brasil, entre 2008 e 2017; foram determinadas as prevalências e a média para o período; realizou-se a análise espacial de área e os mapas foram gerados pelo aplicativo ArcGis 10.5; na análise de tendência, utilizou-se a regressão de Prais-Winsten. Resultado: foram identificados 4.029 casos da doença e as médias de prevalência variaram de 2,0 a 11,5 casos/10 mil habitantes/ano, com tendência descendente; Governador Edson Lobão apresentou a maior prevalência, 11,5 casos/10 mil hab., e Lajeado Novo a menor, 2,0 casos/10 mil hab. Conclusão: a distribuição espacial dos casos de hanseníase foi heterogênea nos municípios estudados e a tendência da prevalência, decrescente. Resumen Objetivo: analisar la distribución espacial y la tendencia de la lepra en una región sanitaria de un estado del Nordeste brasileño. Métodos: estudio ecológico y de serie temporal, con notificación obligatoria de los municipios de la Unidad de Gestión Regional de Salud de Imperatriz-MA, entre 2008-2017. Se determinaron la prevalencia y la media del período y se realizó un análisis del espacio de área, los mapas se generaron en ArcGis 10.5. Para el análisis de tendencia se utilizaron regresiones de Prais-Winsten. Resultado: se identificaron 4.029 casos y las prevalencias promedio oscilaron entre 2,0 y 11,5 casos/10.000 habitantes-año, con tendencia al descenso. Governador Edson Lobão presentó la mayor prevalencia 11,5 casos/10.000 habitantes y Lajeado Novo la menor prevalencia 2,0 casos/10.000 habitantes. Conclusión: la distribución espacial de los casos de lepra fue heterogénea en los municipios y la tendencia de prevalencia decreciente.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 AUTHOR CONTRIBUTIONS: Oliveira RA, Sousa PMP and Santos Neto M contributed to the study concept and design, analysis and interpretation of the results, drafting and critically reviewing the contents of the manuscript. Santos LH, Silva JC and Santos LFS contributed to data analysis and interpretation and drafting the contents of the manuscript. Pascoal LM, Santos FS and Costa ACPJ contributed to analysis and interpretation of the results, drafting and critically reviewing the contents of the manuscript. All the authors have approved the final version of the manuscript and are responsible for all aspects thereof, including the guarantee of its accuracy and integrity. CONFLICTS OF INTEREST: The authors declare they have no conflicts of interest. Associate editor: Thaynã Ramos Flores - https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0098-1681
ISSN:	1679-4974 2237-9622 2237-9622
DOI:	10.1590/s2237-96222023000200021