Comprehensive Review of Aflatoxin and Ochratoxin A Dynamics: Emergence, Toxicological Impact, and Advanced Control Strategies

Filamentous fungi exhibit remarkable adaptability to diverse substrates and can synthesize a plethora of secondary metabolites. These metabolites, produced in response to environmental stimuli, not only confer selective advantages but also encompass potentially deleterious mycotoxins. Mycotoxins, ex...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Foods Vol. 13; no. 12; p. 1920
Main Authors:	Nazareth, Tiago de Melo, Soriano Pérez, Elisa, Luz, Carlos, Meca, Giuseppe, Quiles, Juan Manuel
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Switzerland MDPI AG 18-06-2024 MDPI
Subjects:	Adaptability Aflatoxins Animal health Animals Bacteria Biological control Cancer Carcinogens Cereals Contamination Corn Crops Detoxification Environmental effects Enzymes Essential oils Food contamination Food contamination & poisoning Food products Food safety Food spoilage Fungi Health risk assessment Health risks Lactic acid Lactic acid bacteria legislation Liver Metabolites Mustard Mustard oil mycotoxin prevalence Mycotoxins Nuts Ochratoxin A outbreaks Review Reviews Secondary metabolites Spoilage Substrates Toxins Brazil climate changes mycotoxins mycotoxin prevalence outbreaks essential oils lactic acid bacteria legislation
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Summary:	Filamentous fungi exhibit remarkable adaptability to diverse substrates and can synthesize a plethora of secondary metabolites. These metabolites, produced in response to environmental stimuli, not only confer selective advantages but also encompass potentially deleterious mycotoxins. Mycotoxins, exemplified by those originating from , , , and species, represent challenging hazards to both human and animal health, thus warranting stringent regulatory control. Despite regulatory frameworks, mycotoxin contamination remains a pressing global challenge, particularly within cereal-based matrices and their derived by-products, integral components of animal diets. Strategies aimed at mitigating mycotoxin contamination encompass multifaceted approaches, including biological control modalities, detoxification procedures, and innovative interventions like essential oils. However, hurdles persist, underscoring the imperative for innovative interventions. This review elucidated the prevalence, health ramifications, regulatory paradigms, and evolving preventive strategies about two prominent mycotoxins, aflatoxins and ochratoxin A. Furthermore, it explored the emergence of new fungal species, and biocontrol methods using lactic acid bacteria and essential mustard oil, emphasizing their efficacy in mitigating fungal spoilage and mycotoxin production. Through an integrative examination of these facets, this review endeavored to furnish a comprehensive understanding of the multifaceted challenges posed by mycotoxin contamination and the emergent strategies poised to ameliorate its impact on food and feed safety.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 ObjectType-Review-3 content type line 23
ISSN:	2304-8158 2304-8158
DOI:	10.3390/foods13121920