The Oral Microbiome and Cross-Kingdom Interactions during Pregnancy

The Oral Microbiome and Cross-Kingdom Interactions during Pregnancy

Pregnancy initiates a temporary transition in the maternal physiological state, with a shift in the oral microbiome and a potential increase in frequency of oral diseases. The risk of oral disease is higher among populations of Hispanic and Black women and those with lower socioeconomic status (low...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of dental research Vol. 102; no. 10; pp. 1122 - 1130
Main Authors: Gilbert Klaczko, C., Alkhars, N., Zeng, Y., Klaczko, M.E., Gill, A.L., Kopycka-Kedzierawski, D.T., Jusko, T.A., Sohn, M.B., Xiao, J., Gill, S.R.
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Los Angeles, CA SAGE Publications 01-09-2023
SAGE PUBLICATIONS, INC
Subjects:
Bacteria
Candida albicans
Dental caries
Dental Caries - microbiology
Dental Plaque - microbiology
Female
Humans
Lactobacillus
Medical diagnosis
Microbiomes
Microbiota
Oral diseases
Plaque index
Pregnancy
Research Reports
rRNA 16S
rRNA 18S
Saliva
Saliva - microbiology
Streptococcus infections
Streptococcus mutans
Teeth
Womens health
social determinants
caries prevention
risk factor(s)
caries detection/diagnosis
biomarkers
caries
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Summary:Pregnancy initiates a temporary transition in the maternal physiological state, with a shift in the oral microbiome and a potential increase in frequency of oral diseases. The risk of oral disease is higher among populations of Hispanic and Black women and those with lower socioeconomic status (low SES), demonstrating a need for intervention within these high-risk populations. To further our understanding of the oral microbiome of high-risk pregnant women, we characterized the oral microbiome in 28 nonpregnant and 179 pregnant low-SES women during their third trimester living in Rochester, New York. Unstimulated saliva and supragingival plaque samples were collected cross-sectionally, followed by assessment of the bacterial (16S ribosomal RNA) and fungal (18S ITS) microbiota communities. Trained and calibrated dentists performed oral examinations to determine the number of decayed teeth and plaque index. Initially, plaque from 28 nonpregnant women and 48 pregnant women were compared; these data showed significant differences in bacterial abundances based on pregnancy status. To further our understanding of the oral microbiome within the pregnant population, we next examined the oral microbiome within this population based on several variables. Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus oralis, and Lactobacillus were associated with a greater number of decayed teeth. The composition of fungal communities differed between plaque and saliva, demonstrating 2 distinct “mycotypes” that were represented by a greater abundance of Candida in plaque and Malassezia in saliva. Veillonella rogosae, a common oral bacterium, was negatively associated with both plaque index and salivary Candida albicans colonization by culture data. This was further emphasized by in vitro inhibition of C. albicans by V. rogosae. Identification of interactions between the bacterial or fungal oral communities revealed that V. rogosae was positively associated with the oral commensal Streptococcus australis and negatively with the cariogenic Lactobacillus genus, suggesting V. rogosae as a potential biomarker of a noncariogenic oral microbiome.
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ISSN:0022-0345
1544-0591
1544-0591
DOI:10.1177/00220345231176459