Climatology of Air Temperature in Belterra: Thermal Regulation Ecosystem Services Provided by the Tapajós National Forest in the Amazon

Abstract The Tapajós National Forest (Flona Tapajós) has been providing important ecosystem services to society since the creation of this Conservation Unit in the Amazon. This study analyzed two climatic series from Belterra to identify possible effects on the thermal regime in the municipality as...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Revista Brasileira de Meteorologia Vol. 36; no. 2; pp. 327 - 337
Main Authors:	Martorano, Lucieta Guerreiro, Soares, Wanny Barbosa, Moraes, José Reinaldo da Silva Cabral de, Nascimento, Werlleson, Aparecido, Lucas Eduardo de Oliveira, Villa, Pedro Manuel
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English Portuguese
Published:	Rio de Janeiro Sociedade Brasileira de Meteorologia 01-06-2021
Subjects:	Air temperature Amplitudes Climate climatic events climatic series Climatological normals Climatology Conservation organizations Ecosystem services Ecosystems Forest ecosystems Meteorology Minimum temperatures thermal variations Variance analysis West of Pará
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Summary:	Abstract The Tapajós National Forest (Flona Tapajós) has been providing important ecosystem services to society since the creation of this Conservation Unit in the Amazon. This study analyzed two climatic series from Belterra to identify possible effects on the thermal regime in the municipality as a function of the proximity of the Flona Tapajós and the consolidated grain production center in western Pará. Two climatological normal datasets from the National Institute of Meteorology (INMET) were analyzed (1961-1990 and 1981-2010). Analysis of variance was used to compare averages, extremes (minimums and maximums), and thermal amplitudes. Average temperature was 24.6 °C in the first semester (1961-1990) and 25.2 °C (1981-2010), with maximums of 29.4 °C and 29.9 °C, and minimums of 20.6 and 21.2 °C, respectively. There were no statistical differences in these comparisons. In the second semester the averages increased to 25.2 °C and 26.0 °C, and were statistically different, with maximums of 31.2 °C and 31.6 °C and minimums of 20.4 °C and 21.2 °C, indicating different thermal regimes during 1981-2010. Additionally, from October to December the nights were warmer. The Flona Tapajós may have experienced a reduction in provision of ecosystem services, and the increase in minimum temperatures could be associated with grain production activities in the region. Resumo A Floresta Nacional do Tapajós vem prestando importante serviço ecossistêmico à sociedade desde a criação dessa Unidade de Conservação na Amazônia. O objetivo neste trabalho foi avaliar o perfil climático de temperatura do ar em Belterra apontando evidência de serviço ecossistêmico de regulação térmica prestado pela Flona Tapajós na Amazônia. Duas normais climatológicas disponibilizadas pelo Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia (INMET) foram utilizadas (1961 a 1990 e 1981 a 2010). Na primeira série história a Flona Tapajós já existia e na segunda consolida-se o polo de grãos no município. Fez-se análise de variância no programa R para comparar médias, extremas (máximas e mínimas) e amplitudes térmicas. Verificou-se semelhança estatística no primeiro semestre nas duas séries temporais com médias de 24,6 °C e 25,2 °C, máximas de 29,4 °C e 29,9 °C e, mínimas de 20,6 e 21,2 °C, respectivamente. No segundo semestre, as médias passaram de 25,2 °C para 26,0 °C, as máximas de 31,2 °C para 31,6 °C e as mínimas de 20,4 °C para 21,2 °C com significância estatística em aumento térmico entre 1981 a 2010. Entre outubro a dezembro as madrugadas ficaram mais quentes, evidenciando reduções de serviço ecossistêmico em regulação térmica prestado pela Flona Tapajós que pode estar associado à consolidação do polo de grãos em Belterra.
ISSN:	0102-7786 1982-4351
DOI:	10.1590/0102-77863620015