State rumination predicts inhibitory control failures and dysregulation of default, salience, and cognitive control networks in youth at risk of depressive relapse: Findings from the RuMeChange trial

•We examined rumination about a bothersome unresolved problem in youth with elevated depressive rumination.•Rumination on these problems during an inhibition task predicted inhibitory failures.•Default mode network engagement increased during inhibitory failures in high ruminators.•Cognitive control...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Journal of affective disorders reports Vol. 16; p. 100729
Main Authors:	Roberts, Henrietta, Schreiner, Mindy Westlund, Pocius, Stephanie, Dillahunt, Alina K., Farstead, Brian, Feldman, Daniel, Bessette, Katie L., Kaufman, Erin A., Slattery, Will, Jacobs, Rachel H., Jago, David, Crowell, Sheila E., Watkins, Edward R, Langenecker, Scott A.
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Netherlands Elsevier B.V 01-04-2024 Elsevier
Subjects:	Adolescence Cognitive control network Default-mode network Depression Executive functions Rumination Cognitive control network Adolescence Depression Executive functions Rumination Default-mode network
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Summary:	•We examined rumination about a bothersome unresolved problem in youth with elevated depressive rumination.•Rumination on these problems during an inhibition task predicted inhibitory failures.•Default mode network engagement increased during inhibitory failures in high ruminators.•Cognitive control network engagement increased during rumination.•Exploratory analyzes found more bothersome problems predicted higher left DLPFC activation during rumination. Trait rumination is a habitual response to negative experiences that can emerge during adolescence, increasing risk of depression. Trait rumination is correlated with poor inhibitory control (IC) and altered default mode network (DMN) and cognitive control network (CCN) engagement. Provoking state rumination in high ruminating youth permits investigation of rumination and IC at the neural level, highlighting potential treatment targets. Fifty-three high-ruminating youth were cued with an unresolved goal that provoked state rumination, then completed a modified Sustained Attention to Response Task (SART) that measures IC (commissions on no-go trials) in a functional MRI study. Thought probes measured state rumination about that unresolved goal and task-focused thoughts during the SART. Greater state rumination during the SART was correlated with more IC failures. CCN engagement increased during rumination (relative to task-focus), including left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and dorsal-medial prefrontal cortex. Relative to successful response suppression, DMN engagement increased during IC failures amongst individuals with higher state and trait rumination. Exploratory analyzes suggested more bothersome unresolved goals predicted higher left DLPFC activation during rumination. The correlational research design did not permit a direct contrast of causal accounts of the relationship between rumination and IC. State rumination was associated with impaired IC and disrupted modulation of DMN and CCN. Increased CCN engagement during rumination suggested effortful suppression of negative thoughts, and this was greater for more bothersome unresolved goals. Relative task disengagement was observed during rumination-related errors. DMN-CCN dysregulation in high-ruminating youth may be an important treatment target.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23
ISSN:	2666-9153 2666-9153
DOI:	10.1016/j.jadr.2024.100729