Relationship between Neuroglial Apoptosis and Neuroinflammation in the Epileptic Focus of the Brain and in the Blood of Patients with Drug-Resistant Epilepsy

Relationship between Neuroglial Apoptosis and Neuroinflammation in the Epileptic Focus of the Brain and in the Blood of Patients with Drug-Resistant Epilepsy

Neuroglial apoptosis and neuroinflammation play an important role in epileptogenesis. The aim of this study is to evaluate neuronal and glial apoptosis in association with neuroinflammation in brain epileptic focus and inflammatory changes in blood in patients with focal drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:International journal of molecular sciences Vol. 23; no. 20; p. 12561
Main Authors: Sokolova, Tatiana V., Zabrodskaya, Yulia M., Litovchenko, Anastasia V., Paramonova, Natalia M., Kasumov, Vugar R., Kravtsova, Svetlana V., Skiteva, Ekaterina N., Sitovskaya, Daria A., Bazhanova, Elena D.
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Basel MDPI AG 19-10-2022
MDPI
Subjects:
Apoptosis
Biopsy
Blood
Blood levels
Caspase-3
Caspase-9
Convulsions & seizures
Cytokines
Demyelination
Drug resistance
drug-resistant epilepsy
Epilepsy
glia
Glial cells
Histology
IL-1β
Immunohistochemistry
Inflammation
Interleukin 2
Interleukin 4
Interleukin 7
neuroinflammation
Neuronal-glial interactions
Neurons
NF-κB protein
Oligodendrocytes
p53 Protein
Pathogenesis
Temporal lobe
Transmission electron microscopy
Tumor necrosis factor-α
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Summary:Neuroglial apoptosis and neuroinflammation play an important role in epileptogenesis. The aim of this study is to evaluate neuronal and glial apoptosis in association with neuroinflammation in brain epileptic focus and inflammatory changes in blood in patients with focal drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE). Pathological changes in the temporal lobe in epilepsy (histology, transmission electron microscopy), levels of apoptotic and neuroinflammatory proteins: active caspase-3 (immunohistochemistry), full-length form caspase-3, caspase-9, FAS, FAS-L, NF-kB, TNF-α, p53 (Western blot), and cytokine levels in blood: IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-7, TNF-α, etc. (multiplex analysis) were studied. In the present work, ultrastructural and immunohistochemical apoptotic signs were found in neurons and oligodendrocytes in the temporal lobe of DRE patients. Levels of proinflammatory cytokines that play a role in apoptosis (TNF-α, FAS, NF-kB) were increased. The blood concentration of IL-4, IL-7, TNF-α is increased and IL-2 is reduced. Oligodendroglial apoptosis has been shown to play an important role in DRE pathogenesis and to explain demyelination. Thus, a comprehensive analysis of revealed changes in the blood and brain in DRE patients showed the neuroinflammation in the epileptic focus, which was combined with the development of apoptosis of glial cells and neurons. This creates conditions for the development of drug resistance and the epilepsy progression.
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ISSN:1422-0067
1661-6596
1422-0067
DOI:10.3390/ijms232012561