The Two Wide-angle Imaging Neutral-atom Spectrometers (TWINS) NASA Mission-of-Opportunity

T wo W ide-angle I maging N eutral-atom S pectrometers (TWINS) is a NASA Explorer Mission-of-Opportunity to stereoscopically image the Earth’s magnetosphere for the first time. TWINS extends our understanding of magnetospheric structure and processes by providing simultaneous Energetic Neutral Atom...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Space science reviews Vol. 142; no. 1-4; pp. 157 - 231
Main Authors:	McComas, D. J., Allegrini, F., Baldonado, J., Blake, B., Brandt, P. C., Burch, J., Clemmons, J., Crain, W., Delapp, D., DeMajistre, R., Everett, D., Fahr, H., Friesen, L., Funsten, H., Goldstein, J., Gruntman, M., Harbaugh, R., Harper, R., Henkel, H., Holmlund, C., Lay, G., Mabry, D., Mitchell, D., Nass, U., Pollock, C., Pope, S., Reno, M., Ritzau, S., Roelof, E., Scime, E., Sivjee, M., Skoug, R., Sotirelis, T. S., Thomsen, M., Urdiales, C., Valek, P., Viherkanto, K., Weidner, S., Ylikorpi, T., Young, M., Zoennchen, J.
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Dordrecht Springer Netherlands 01-02-2009 Springer Springer Nature B.V
Subjects:	Aerospace Technology and Astronautics Astrophysics Astrophysics and Astroparticles Calibration Earth, ocean, space Exact sciences and technology Physics Physics and Astronomy Planetology Scientific imaging Space Exploration and Astronautics Space Sciences (including Extraterrestrial Physics Spacecraft Spectrometers Energetic neutral atom imaging Space plasma calibration facility 94.30.Va 94.30.C2 ENA instrumentation ENA Geocorona Magnetosphere 94.80.+g 94.30.Lr Earth magnetosphere High altitude Energetic neutral atom Dynamics Calibration Charged particles Large-scale structure
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Summary:	T wo W ide-angle I maging N eutral-atom S pectrometers (TWINS) is a NASA Explorer Mission-of-Opportunity to stereoscopically image the Earth’s magnetosphere for the first time. TWINS extends our understanding of magnetospheric structure and processes by providing simultaneous Energetic Neutral Atom (ENA) imaging from two widely separated locations. TWINS observes ENAs from 1–100 keV with high angular (∼4°×4°) and time (∼1-minute) resolution. The TWINS Ly- α monitor measures the geocoronal hydrogen density to aid in ENA analysis while environmental sensors provide contemporaneous measurements of the local charged particle environments. By imaging ENAs with identical instruments from two widely spaced, high-altitude, high-inclination spacecraft, TWINS enables three-dimensional visualization of the large-scale structures and dynamics within the magnetosphere for the first time. This “instrument paper” documents the TWINS design, construction, calibration, and initial results. Finally, the appendix of this paper describes and documents the Southwest Research Institute (SwRI) instrument calibration facility; this facility was used for all TWINS instrument-level calibrations.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-2 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-1 content type line 23
ISSN:	0038-6308 1572-9672
DOI:	10.1007/s11214-008-9467-4